SIMULATION

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 背景： 在CIBC的上下文中，模拟被定义为对细胞行为的预测， 组织和器官在已知解剖学领域的简化假设下 对预定边界或初始条件的反应。CIBC的总体目标是， 根据这个定义，是为生物医学科学家提供 用来定义假设的全面和复杂的软件工具， 域，以及初始或边界条件，然后使用 先进和健壮的数值和计算算法。 基本原理： 在模拟和科学计算的其他方面之间存在着一种天然的协同 这仍然是CIBC目标和进展的核心要素。虽然计算机 基于仿真的仿真有一个相对现代的历史，仿真的基本要素是 像数学一样古老。预测炮弹的弹道或弹道 行星都利用了模拟的两个基本元素：数学 描述行为的方程以及在现实条件下求解这些方程的方法 条件。需要求解足够复杂的方程来预测 物理、化学或生物系统进一步将模拟的进展与 在数值数学和计算方面的进步，因此，到戏剧性的 计算机硬件和软件的改进。 问题： 为了对估计有用，模拟公式应该在数学上是可逆的 并得出唯一的答案。然而，在某些情况下，唯一的倒置可能是 理论上是可能的，但如果产生的问题是身体不适，则在数字上不稳定- 并由此产生的数值模拟是病态的。在整个TRD中有一个目标 将制定模拟方法，不仅解决提出的初始问题 一个模拟，但只要有可能，用一种允许有效的方式来制定它们 相关估计公式。 设计与方法： 与其他TRD类似，本提案的具体方法侧重于三个广泛的领域 目标。第一个目标是提供一套软件工具，用于构建和 执行的模拟主要与人体内的生物电场有关，但不是唯一的。 第二个目标是让科学家和工程师在 结构，该结构足够灵活、可移植和可扩展，使它们能够使用现有的 并根据自己的专业知识和新颖的想法开发新的工具。第三 目标是由生物医学计算研究人员访问 用于验证的文件化数据集和用于验证和灵敏度的高效软件 分析。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Background: In the context of the CIBC, simulation is defined as the prediction of the behavior of cells, tissues, and organs under simplifying assumptions over known anatomical domains in response to pre-determined boundary or initial conditions. The overall goal of the CIBC, according to this definition, is to provide biomedical scientists with access to comprehensive and sophisticated software tools with which to define the assumptions, the domains, and the initial or boundary conditions and, then, to carry out simulations using advanced and robust numerical and computation algorithms. Rationale: A natural synergy exists between simulation and the other faces of scientific computing that remains a core element of the goals and progress of the CIBC. Although computer based simulation has a relatively modern history, the basic elements of simulation are as old as mathematics. Predicting the trajectory of a cannonball or the pathways of the planets both make use of the two essential elements of simulation: mathematical equations that describe behavior and a means to solve those equations under realistic conditions. The need to solve equations complex enough to predict the behavior of physical, chemical, or biological systems has further linked the progress in simulation to advances in numerical mathematics and computing and, hence, to the dramatic improvements in computer hardware and software. Questions: To be useful for estimation, simulation formulations should be mathematically invertible and lead to unique answers. In some cases, however, unique inversion may be theoretically possible but not numerically stable if the resulting problem is physically ill- posed and the resulting numerical simulation ill-conditioned. A goal throughout this TRD will be to formulate simulation approaches that not only solve the initial problem posed as a simulation, but formulate them, wherever possible, in a way that permits an effective associated estimation formulation. Design & Methods: Parallel to other TRDs, the specific methods of this proposal focus on three broad objectives. The first objective is to provide a set of software tools for constructing and executing simulations related mostly, but not exclusively, to bioelectric fields in the body. The second is to make these software tools available to scientists and engineers in a structure that is flexible, portable, and extensible enough to allow them to use existing tools and develop new ones based on their own expertise and novel ideas. The third objective is driven by the need of biomedical computational researchers for access to documented data sets for validation and efficient software for verification and sensitivity analysis.