FUNCTIONAL DIFFUSE OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 近红外光谱(NIRS)是一种非侵入性、非电离和廉价的技术 利用近红外光探测组织光学的监测和成像技术 属性。氧合和脱氧血红蛋白浓度的区域差异以及 细胞散射可以通过监测光的时空变化来成像 组织的吸收和散射特性，使近红外光谱具有直接 测量血流动力学、代谢和神经元对大脑激活的反应。这些 NIRS的功能使其成为正常脑电研究中fMRI和EEG/MEG的有用补充 生理学和病理学，过去我们的出版和传播证明了这一点 授予该计划的周期。 我们已经开发了实时连续波(CW)成像仪器 利用重叠提供的更高的空间分辨率测量大脑激活 减少系统干扰的测量和信号处理 生理波动。此外，我们还开发了一个原型的时间域(TD)成像 提供比CW更好的深度敏感度的系统以及量化基线的能力 大脑的生理特性。NIRS社区目前的需求包括：1) 便于在大脑上下文中解释大脑激活图像的工具 成人和婴儿的解剖学；以及2)获得便携式TD成像设备， 启用多光谱测量，图像采集率为&gt；2赫兹(必要 以克服生理干扰)。此外，近红外光谱良好的时间分辨率具有 使我们能够很好地理解并设计算法来过滤信号干扰 由心率、呼吸和较慢的血压波动引起。这 干扰是常见的功能磁共振成像，因此我们建议将技术诀窍从我们的近红外光谱 努力使用功能磁共振成像来更好地过滤这种全身生理干扰，使探索成为可能 这些系统因素(包括大脑自动调节)和改善对比度- 脑激活功能磁共振研究中的背景比。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive, non-ionizing, and inexpensive monitoring and imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to probe tissue optical properties. Regional variations in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration as well as cellular scattering can be imaged by monitoring spatial-temporal variations in the light absorption and scattering properties of tissue, giving NIRS the special ability to directly measure the hemodynamic, metabolic, and neuronal responses to brain activation. These capabilities make NIRS a useful complement to fMRI and EEG/MEG in studies of normal physiology and pathology, as evidenced by our publications and dissemination in the past grant cycles of this program. We have developed real-time continuous-wave (CW) imaging instrumentation for measuring brain activation with improved spatial resolution afforded by overlapping measurements and signal processing to reduce the interference from systemic physiological fluctuations. Further, we developed a prototype time-domain (TD) imaging system that affords better depth sensitivity than CW and the ability to quantify baseline physiological properties of the brain. Current needs of the NIRS community include: 1) tools to facilitate interpretation of the brain activation images in the context of brain anatomy in adults and infants; and 2) access to portable TD imaging instrumentation that enables multispectral measurements with an image acquisition rate of >2 Hz (necessary to overcome physiological interference). Further, the good temporal resolution of NIRS has enabled us to comprehend well and design algorithms to filter the signal interference that arises from heart rate, respiration, and slower blood pressure fluctuations. This interference is common to fMRI and thus we propose to transfer know-how from our NIRS effort to fMRI to better filter this systemic physiological interference, enabling exploration of these systemic factors (including cerebral autoregulation) and improving the contrast- to-background ratio in fMRI studies of brain activation.