Evaluating the utility of fNIRS in detecting and diagnosing AD/ADRD

项目摘要 美国人口普查局预测，到2034年，65岁以上的人口将达到7700万， 这表明人口正在迅速老龄化。世界卫生组织预计，这一数字将稳步增长 到2030年，痴呆症患者将达到8200万人。此外，根据阿尔茨海默氏症 协会估计，有650万人患有阿尔茨海默氏症，痴呆症的比例 随着年龄的增长，65岁至74岁的人占5.0%，75岁至84岁的人占13.1%，85岁的人占33.2% 和老年人患有阿尔茨海默氏症1。虽然有一系列神经退行性疾病构成了 痴呆症2、轻度认知障碍(MCI)3、额颞叶痴呆症谱系障碍4、5，包括 原发性进行性失语症6，7和后脑皮质萎缩8都是以语言，认知和 记忆缺陷。所有这些人的日常能力都经历了变化或微妙的下降 然而，一旦做出诊断，这些症状就很难检测到，已经显著恶化。因此，它是 严格评估可以及早发现和诊断退行性疾病的方法非常重要 在日常活动中，首先出现异常和变化的情况。 为了能够检测和诊断退行性疾病，我们需要能够持续跟踪 日常世界中的人脑功能和行为。在家长助学金中，我们正在制定 “日常世界中的神经科学”硬件，一个集成了计算机视觉和 用于测量健康成年人、中风或中风患者大脑和行为功能的眼球跟踪装置 帕金森氏症，因为他们在日常生活中。在本补充资料中，我们旨在评估 FNIRS作为检查早期语言和认知变化潜在神经生理机制的工具 在AD/ADRD患者中。在目标1中，我们将扩展我们用于日常测量的可穿戴fNIRS系统 健康成人、卒中后失语症患者的交互作用、注意力、工作记忆和行走 成人AD/ADRD和MCI。在我们以前工作的基础上，我们将在 成人AD/ADRD和MCI患者的谈话、行走和知觉任务。我们希望发现不同之处 在ADRD和年龄匹配的健康对照组(作为父母补助金的一部分收集)之间的fNIRS信号中 它们执行这些行为任务。在目标2中，我们评估了行为(例如，语言)之间的关系 AD/ADRD患者与健康成人的fNIRS图谱中的功能和神经特征 控制。我们将比较任务测量中的行为表现与fNIRS信号的大小， 假设AD/ADRD患者具有更高的行为表现将显示更强的fNIRS信号 与行为表现较差的人相比，其幅度更大。拟议的工作具有很高的影响，因为它 允许在日常生活中检查早期神经功能障碍的神经和行为标志 互动或双任务行走(边走边多任务)等活动导致未来对 了解AD/ADRD早期神经系统改变的机制。

Project Abstract The US Census Bureau projects that people over the age of 65 years will number 77 million by 2034, indicating a rapidly aging population. The World Health Organization projects a steady increase in the number of individuals with dementia, with 82 million individuals by 2030. Further, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, an estimated 6.5 million people are living with Alzheimer’ dementia, and the percentage of dementia increases with age, 5.0% of people age 65 to 74, 13.1% of people age 75 to 84, and 33.2% of people age 85 and older have Alzheimer’s dementia 1. While there are a cluster of neurodegenerative disorders that constitute dementia 2, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)3, fronto-temporal dementia spectrum disorders 4, 5 that includes primary progressive aphasia 6, 7 and posterior cortical atrophy 8 are all characterized by language, cognitive and memory deficits. All these individuals experience changes or subtle decline in their everyday abilities that are hard to detect, however, once diagnosis is made these symptoms have deteriorated significantly. It is therefore important to rigorously evaluate approaches that can detect and diagnose degenerative disorders early and during daily activities where instances of abnormalities and changes first arise. To be able to detect and diagnose degenerative disorders, we need to be able to continuously track human brain function and behavior in the Everyday World. In the parent grant, we are developing the “Neuroscience in the Everyday World” hardware, an fNIRS/EEG system with an integrated computer vision and eye tracking device to measure brain and behavioral function in healthy adults, individuals with stroke or Parkinson’s Disease as they go about their everyday lives. In this supplement, we aim to evaluate the utility of fNIRS as a tool to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying early language and cognitive changes in individuals with AD/ADRD. In Aim 1, we will extend our wearable fNIRS system used to measure everyday interaction, attention, working memory and walking in healthy adults, post-stroke individuals with aphasia to adults with AD/ADRD and MCI. Building on our previous work, we will evaluate cortical activity during conversation, walking and perceptual tasks in adults with AD/ADRD and MCI. We expect to detect differences in the fNIRS signal between ADRD and healthy age-matched controls (collected as part of the parent grant) as they perform these behavioral tasks. In Aim 2, we evaluate the relationship between behavioral (e.g., language and cognitive) function and neural signatures in the fNIRS profiles in adults with AD/ADRD relative to healthy controls. We will compare behavioral performance on the task measures with the magnitude of the fNIRS signal, hypothesizing that individuals with AD/ADRD with higher behavioral performance will show greater fNIRS signal magnitude relative to the ones with poorer behavioral performance. The proposed work has a high impact as it allows the examination of neural and behavioral markers of early neurological dysfunction during everyday activities such as interaction or dual task walking (multi-tasking while walking) leading to future research on understanding the mechanisms of early neurological changes in AD/ADRD.