Perceptions Regarding Sexual Health and HIV Risk Among Female Farmworkers

描述(申请人提供)：居住在美国的农场工人感染艾滋病毒的负担是普通人口的10倍。从墨西哥来到美国的移民农场工人(MFW)生活在农村地区，被主流社会边缘化，通常没有证件，往往无法获得必要的卫生和预防服务。特别是女性最惠国妇女构成了一个独特的群体，她们感染艾滋病毒的风险很高。这种性风险与亲密伴侣暴力的威胁、低社会支持、低艾滋病毒知识、高危伴侣，特别是可能影响关系权力和面对不忠时谈判保护性行为的能力的文化规范有关。艾滋病毒风险与人际权力动态和父权意识形态密切相关，这些因素可能会影响人际关系。此外，移民到一个新的国家是改变生活的事件，可以改变家庭结构并带来文化价值观和信仰的改变，这在性风险方面可能是有害的，也可能是保护的。虽然一些研究调查了男性最惠国妇女的艾滋病毒风险，但很少有研究探讨女性最惠国妇女的性健康问题。因此，了解在墨西哥出生的女性最惠国妇女所感知的性风险和维持性健康的策略将有助于了解哪些个人因素(内在优势)以及哪些资源(物质资源、物质资源、财务资源、支持性资源、关系资源等)。帮助新移民维持性健康。此外，这项研究将为为女性最惠国妇女制定针对特定人群和适合文化的干预措施奠定基础。 这项研究的具体目的是：1)描述墨西哥裔女性最惠国妇女对其健康风险的看法和经历；2)确定与墨西哥裔女性最惠国妇女的性健康风险有关的关于文化、移民、性别角色和权力的信仰/价值观：3)描述墨西哥裔女性最惠国妇女利用哪些资源和自我保护因素来减少这些感知的风险；以及4)建立一个理论框架，该框架基于墨西哥裔女性最惠国妇女关于性健康、权力关系和自我保护战略的经验和观点的声音和叙述。 公共卫生相关性：美国移徙农场工人携带艾滋病毒感染的负担是一般人口的10倍，农场工人妇女特别容易感染艾滋病毒，这与人际权力动态、性别社会规范和关于性健康的文化信仰以及关于适当干预措施的护理知识有关，以增进这一群体的健康和福祉。这项定性研究将侧重于审查农场工人妇女为维持性健康而使用的风险观念和自我保护战略和资源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Farm workers living in the United States (US) carry a burden of HIV infection that is 10 times that of the general population. Migrant farm workers (MFW) who come from Mexico to the U live in rural areas, are marginalized from mainstream society, are commonly undocumented, and often lack access to necessary health and prevention services. Females MFW in particular comprise a unique group that experience high risk of HIV infection. This sexual risk is related to the threat of intimate partner violence, low social support, low HIV knowledge, high-risk partners, and in particular, cultural norms that may influence relationship power and the ability to negotiate for protective sex in the face of infidelty. HIV risk is closely tied to interpersonal power dynamics and patriarchal ideologies that can influence relationships. Moreover, migration to a new country is a life-changing event that can alter family structure and bring about changes in cultural values and beliefs, which could be harmful or protective in relation to sexual risk. Although a number of studies have investigated HIV risk among male MFW, very little research has approached the topic of sexual health for female MFW. Therefore, understanding the perceived sexual risks and strategies used to maintain sexual health by female MFW who were born in Mexico will assist in understanding what personal factors (intrinsic strengths) and which resources (physical resources, material resources, financial resources, supportive resources, relational resources, etc.) help recent migrants to maintain sexual health. Moreover, this research will form a foundation for planning population-specific and culture-appropriate interventions for female MFW. The specific aims of this study are: 1) To describe the perceptions and experiences of female MFW of Mexican descent in relation to their health risks: 2) To Identify the beliefs/values about culture, migration, gender roles, and power that are related to sexual health risks for female MFW of Mexican Descent: 3) To describe what resources and self-protective factors female MFW of Mexican descent use to mitigate these perceived risks: and 4) To generate a theoretical framework that is grounded in the voices and narratives of female MFW of Mexican descent regarding their experiences and perspectives on sexual health, power relations, and self-protective strategies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Migrant farm-workers in the United States carry a burden of HIV infection that is 10 times that of the general population, and farm-worker women are particularly at risk for HIV in relation to interpersonal power dynamics, gendered social norms, and cultural beliefs about sexual health and nursing knowledge regarding appropriate interventions to increase the health and well being of this group. This qualitative study will focs on examining perceptions of risk and self-protective strategies and resources used by farm-workers women to maintain sexual health.