DPADY: Developmental Pathways from Anxiety to Depression in Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：建议的指导研究项目（F31）是一个为期两年的计划，旨在将候选人发展成为一名独立的发展精神病理学家。候选人概述了一份整合课程、咨询知名研究人员和独立研究计划的建议，这将使候选人能够：(1)获得与青少年发展性精神病理学相关的专业知识，(2)获得设计、实施和传播纵向研究结果的培训，以及(3)提高与多波纵向数据统计建模相关的技能。广泛的研究表明，青少年患抑郁症的比例正在上升，而且抑郁症的发病年龄也越来越年轻为了应对这些令人震惊的统计数据，人们更加重视在年轻时识别抑郁症的脆弱性，以期预防这种疾病的发作。关于这一主题的一个新兴研究领域认为焦虑是抑郁症的一个重要风险因素本研究试图在这些初步发现的基础上，进一步调查焦虑在青春期抑郁症状的发作和维持中可能发挥的作用。此外，本研究还测试了焦虑是否与特定的认知（反刍、解释偏见和自我批评）或人际关系（不安全的依恋、不适应的养育方式、低亲子关系和低社会支持）脆弱性相互作用，以更好地了解哪些焦虑的青少年最容易患抑郁症，以及焦虑可能在解释青春期女孩比男孩抑郁水平升高方面发挥的作用。数据将从一项正在进行的多波纵向研究中收集，该研究追踪了682名年龄在8至17岁之间的青少年。本研究项目的重点是使用多种方法来测量脆弱性和内化障碍，包括自我报告、父母报告、临床访谈、计算机任务和父母-儿童互动任务。人们相信，这项研究的设计，加上这项培训，为实现该项目的主要目标提供了最好的机会，并为该领域提供了有关焦虑和抑郁之间关系的新发现。通过这项研究，可以获得一个更全面的抑郁症发展模型，并更好地了解如何预防青春期的这种疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed mentored research project (F31) is a two-year plan to develop the candidate into an independent developmental psychopathologist. The candidate outlines a proposal integrating coursework, consultation with established researchers, and an independent research program that will enable the candidate to: (1) gain specialized knowledge of issues related to developmental psychopathology in youth, (2) acquire training in designing, conducting, and disseminating findings from longitudinal studies, and (3) enhance skills related to statistically modeling multi-wave longitudinal data. Extensive research demonstrates that rates of depression are rising in adolescents and that the age of onset for depression is becoming younger.1,2,3 In response to these alarming statistics, a greater emphasis has been placed on identifying vulnerabilities to depression at a young age in the hope of preventing the onset of the disorder. An emerging area of research on this topic identifies anxiety as an important risk factor for depression.4 The present research seeks to build upon these initial findings by further investigating the role anxiety may play in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms and episodes during adolescence. Moreover, the present study tests whether anxiety interacts with specific cognitive (rumination, interpretation biases, and self-criticism) or interpersonal (insecure attachment, maladaptive parenting styles, low child-parent affect, and low social support) vulnerabilities to better understand which anxious youth are most at-risk for developing depression, and the role anxiety may play in explaining elevated levels of depression found in adolescent girls compared to boys. Data will be collected from an ongoing multi-wave longitudinal study which follows 682 youth ranging in age from 8 to 17. An emphasis of this research project is the use of a multi-method approach in measuring vulnerabilities and internalizing disorders, including self-report, parent-report, clinicl interviews, a computer task, and a parent- child interaction task. It is believed the study's design, coupled with this training, provides the best opportunity to fulfill the project's primary objectives, and supply the field with new findings concerning the relation between anxiety and depression. Through this research a more comprehensive model for the development of depression can be gained and a better understanding of how to prevent the disorder during adolescence can be obtained. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The present study will examine the role anxiety plays in the development of anxiety during adolescence. The goal of this research is to discover new developmental pathways to depression, which will allow prevention programs to better target which individuals are most at-risk for developing the disorder at an early age.