DPADY: Developmental Pathways from Anxiety to Depression in Youth

描述(由申请人提供)：建议的指导性研究项目(F31)是一项为期两年的计划，旨在将候选人培养成一名独立的发展精神病理学家。候选人概述了一项结合课程作业、咨询知名研究人员和独立研究计划的建议，该计划将使候选人能够：(1)获得与青少年发展精神病理学相关的问题的专业知识，(2)获得设计、实施和传播纵向研究结果的培训，以及(3)增强与统计建模多波纵向数据相关的技能。广泛的研究表明，青少年的抑郁率正在上升，抑郁症的发病年龄正在变得更年轻。1、2、3针对这些令人震惊的统计数字，人们更加重视在年轻时确定抑郁症的脆弱性，以期防止抑郁症的发生。4本研究试图在这些初步发现的基础上，进一步研究焦虑在青春期抑郁症状和发作的发生和维持中可能起到的作用。此外，本研究还测试了焦虑是否与特定的认知(沉思、解释偏差和自我批评)或人际(不安全依恋、不适应的父母方式、低子女-父母情感和低社会支持)脆弱性相互作用，以更好地了解哪些焦虑的青少年最有可能患抑郁症，以及焦虑在解释青春期女孩比男孩更高的抑郁水平方面可能起到的作用。数据将从一项正在进行的多波纵向研究中收集，该研究对682名8岁至17岁的青少年进行了跟踪调查。该研究项目的重点是使用多种方法测量脆弱性和内在化障碍，包括自我报告、家长报告、临床访谈、计算机任务和亲子互动任务。人们认为，这项研究的设计，加上这次培训，为实现该项目的主要目标提供了最好的机会，并为该领域提供了关于焦虑和抑郁之间关系的新发现。通过这项研究，可以获得一个更全面的抑郁症发展模型，并可以更好地了解如何在青春期预防这种疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed mentored research project (F31) is a two-year plan to develop the candidate into an independent developmental psychopathologist. The candidate outlines a proposal integrating coursework, consultation with established researchers, and an independent research program that will enable the candidate to: (1) gain specialized knowledge of issues related to developmental psychopathology in youth, (2) acquire training in designing, conducting, and disseminating findings from longitudinal studies, and (3) enhance skills related to statistically modeling multi-wave longitudinal data. Extensive research demonstrates that rates of depression are rising in adolescents and that the age of onset for depression is becoming younger.1,2,3 In response to these alarming statistics, a greater emphasis has been placed on identifying vulnerabilities to depression at a young age in the hope of preventing the onset of the disorder. An emerging area of research on this topic identifies anxiety as an important risk factor for depression.4 The present research seeks to build upon these initial findings by further investigating the role anxiety may play in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms and episodes during adolescence. Moreover, the present study tests whether anxiety interacts with specific cognitive (rumination, interpretation biases, and self-criticism) or interpersonal (insecure attachment, maladaptive parenting styles, low child-parent affect, and low social support) vulnerabilities to better understand which anxious youth are most at-risk for developing depression, and the role anxiety may play in explaining elevated levels of depression found in adolescent girls compared to boys. Data will be collected from an ongoing multi-wave longitudinal study which follows 682 youth ranging in age from 8 to 17. An emphasis of this research project is the use of a multi-method approach in measuring vulnerabilities and internalizing disorders, including self-report, parent-report, clinicl interviews, a computer task, and a parent- child interaction task. It is believed the study's design, coupled with this training, provides the best opportunity to fulfill the project's primary objectives, and supply the field with new findings concerning the relation between anxiety and depression. Through this research a more comprehensive model for the development of depression can be gained and a better understanding of how to prevent the disorder during adolescence can be obtained.