Biased Attention to Emotional Faces as an Endophenotype Predicting Depression

对情绪面孔的偏见关注作为预测抑郁症的内表型

• 批准号: 8396146
• 负责人: Jessica Lynne Jenness
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-21 至 2014-06-20
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8396146
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Candidate Disease Gene; Catechols; Characteristics; Child; Cognitive; Computers; DRD2 gene; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Emotional; Emotions; Endogenous depression; Exhibits; Face; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Genotype; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Literature; Long-Term Effects; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Prevention; Process; Recurrence; Research; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Transferase Gene; Translational Research; Variant; World Health Organization; Youth; adolescent-onset depression; base; biosignature; burden of illness; clinically relevant; clinically significant; depressive symptoms; design; emotional stimulus; endophenotype; experience; high risk; informant; information processing; innovation; longitudinal design; novel; prospective; serotonin transporter; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this proposal is to advance knowledge on the development of depression in children and adolescents by investigating biased attention to emotional stimuli as an intermediate trait, or endophenotype, for depression. Elucidating novel endophenotypes in youth will help to increase knowledge on developmental pathways to depression initiated by genetic vulnerabilities. Specifically, adult findings suggest that biased attention to emotion may be an endophenotype between genetic markers (e.g., serotonin transporter gene) and depression (Beevers, Gibb, McGeary, & Miller, 2007; Beevers, Wells, Ellis, & McGeary, 2009). Yet, no study to date has examined information processing of emotion as an endophenotype among youth. Furthermore, the study of the development of depression among youth is especially important given that adolescent-onset depression is associated with a 2-7 times increased likelihood of recurrence in adulthood (Rutter, Kim-Cohen, & Maughan, 2006). Therefore, to inform prevention efforts it is important to predict adolescent-onset depression before recurrent episodes occur. The study of developmental pathways to depression is consistent with the mission of the National Institute of Mental Health to understand trajectories of mental illness that can help determine when, where, and how to intervene as well as Director of NIMH Dr. Thomas Insel and colleagues' (2010) research domain criteria (RDoC) regarding the need for identifying biosignatures of mental illness utilizing data from genetics and clinically relevant circuitry-behavior models (e.g., attention bias to emotion). In addition, the proposed project will target the NIMH Division of Developmental Translational Research areas of high priority by 1) identifying behavioral phenotypes reflecting dimensional processes (i.e. attention to emotional stimuli) that will help to discover underlying genetic vulnerabilities, 2) testing a model that incorporates genetics and individual behavioral characteristics in the development of depression, and 3) employing a longitudinal design to examine pathways for depression and trajectories of increasing depression. Additionally, this proposal seeks to address important gaps in the literature on attention bias as an endophenotype of depression by employing a multi-method, multi-informant, and multi-wave design to investigate the long-term effects of possessing this endophenotype by assessing depression diagnoses and symptoms among 682 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders across 7 waves of data with regular follow-ups over a period of 18 months. Moreover, the proposed research will employ strong methodology to assess the potential endophenotype of biased attention to emotional faces by utilizing an objective measure of biased attention via a computer based information processing task. Finally, the research will examine carefully selected and theoretically motivated candidate genes: the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), catechol-o- methyl-transferase gene (COMT), and dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2). The research will test clear a priori hypotheses about the developmental pathways through which candidate genes may influence depression. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The World Health Organization states that depression accounts for the greatest proportion of disease burden attributed to non-fatal illnesses (Utsun & Chatterji, 2001), and many individuals experience their first clinically significant depression during adolescence (Hankin et al., 1998). Furthermore, the study of the development of depression during adolescence is especially important given that adolescent-onset depression is associated with a 2-7 times increased likelihood of recurrence in adulthood (Rutter, Kim-Cohen, & Maughan, 2006). Therefore, the proposed research aims to study developmental pathways to depression among youth to inform prevention efforts before recurrent episodes occur.

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议的总体目标是通过调查对情绪刺激作为抑郁症的中间特征或内在表型的偏见关注来促进对儿童和青少年抑郁症发展的了解。阐明年轻人新的内表型将有助于增加对遗传易感性引发抑郁症的发育途径的了解。具体地说，成人的研究结果表明，对情绪的偏向关注可能是遗传标记(例如，5-羟色胺转运体基因)和抑郁之间的内在表型(Beevers，Gibb，McGeary，&Miller，2007；Beevers，Wells，Ellis，&McGeary，2009)。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究将情绪的信息处理作为年轻人的一种内在表型。此外，对青少年抑郁症发展的研究尤其重要，因为青春期抑郁症与成年后复发的可能性增加2-7倍有关(Rutter，Kim-Cohen，&Maughan，2006)。因此，为了给预防工作提供信息，在反复发作之前预测青春期抑郁症是重要的。对抑郁症发展途径的研究符合国家精神卫生研究所的使命，即了解精神疾病的轨迹，从而帮助确定何时、何地和如何干预，以及NIMH主任Thomas Insel博士和他的同事(2010)关于利用来自遗传学和药物的数据识别精神疾病生物特征的需要的研究领域标准(RDoC)。 临床相关的回路-行为模型(例如，注意力偏向于情绪)。此外，拟议的项目将以NIMH发展翻译研究部门为重点，通过1)确定反映维度过程(即对情绪刺激的注意)的行为表型，将有助于发现潜在的遗传脆弱性，2)测试一个将遗传学和个人行为特征纳入抑郁症发展过程的模型，以及3)采用纵向设计来检查抑郁症的路径和日益加重的抑郁症的轨迹。此外，这项建议试图解决文献中关于注意偏差作为抑郁症的一种内在表型的重要空白，采用多方法、多信息者和多波设计，通过在7波数据中评估682名3年级、6年级和9年级学生的抑郁症诊断和症状，并在18个月的时间内进行定期随访，来调查拥有这种内在表型的长期影响。此外，这项拟议的研究将采用强有力的方法论，通过基于计算机的信息处理任务，利用对偏见注意的客观测量，来评估对情绪面孔的偏见注意的潜在内在表型。最后，这项研究将仔细检查精心挑选的和理论上有动机的候选基因：5-羟色胺转运体基因(5-HTTLPR)、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶基因(COMT)和多巴胺D2受体基因(DRD2)。这项研究将检验关于候选基因可能影响抑郁症的发育途径的先验假设。 公共卫生相关性：世界卫生组织指出，抑郁症占非致命性疾病造成的疾病负担的最大比例(Utun&Chatterji，2001)，许多人在青春期经历了第一次临床意义上的抑郁症(Hankin等人，1998年)。此外，对青春期抑郁症发展的研究尤其重要，因为青春期抑郁症与成年后复发的可能性增加2-7倍相关(Rutter，Kim-Cohen，&Maughan，2006)。因此，这项拟议的研究旨在研究青少年抑郁症的发展途径，以便在复发之前为预防工作提供信息。