Neurological mechanisms in Emotional Processes of Psychopathy

精神病情绪过程的神经机制

• 批准号: 8299487
• 负责人: JEAN DECETY
• 金额: $ 39.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-11 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8299487
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Anisotropy; Anterior; Area; Attention; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Cardiac; Chronic; Clinical; Clip; Cognitive; Communities; Conceptions; Corpus striatum structure; Crime; Data; Deceleration; Depressed mood; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dimensions; Disease; Dissociation; Distress; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Empathy; Exhibits; Face; Faculty; Feeling; Film; Financial compensation; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Hares; Heart Rate; Imprisonment; Individual; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Names; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neurologic; Pain; Pain intensity; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Personality Disorders; Persons; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Prisons; Process; Psychopath; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Scanning; Severities; Site; Social Psychology; Social Welfare; Societies; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Symptoms; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Treatment Protocols; affective neuroscience; anti social; behavior measurement; cingulate cortex; cognitive neuroscience; cost; density; design; effective therapy; emotion regulation; emotional stimulus; experience; gray matter; information processing; injured; insight; interest; midbrain central gray substance; neural circuit; neuroimaging; offender; psychologic; psychopathic personality; relating to nervous system; response; social; social cognition; theories; treatment strategy; violent offender; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The study of empathy at a neurological level has provided insight into the component processes that enable us to share each other's emotions, resonate with a person in need, and act in ways that benefit the other before the self. Individuals who act with blatant disregard for the well-being of others and behave as if they do not experience empathy are often characterized as psychopaths. Compared to other psychiatric disorders, little is known about the neurocognitive systems implicated in psychopathy, and there are currently no effective treatment protocols. Attention to the disorder is urgent: psychopathic criminals tend to be recidivistic and violent offenders, and the cost of their crimes to society reaches hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Determination of the nature of empathic deficits in psychopathic individuals will further guide intervention and treatment strategies in the clinical arena. The goal of this project is to explore the neurological mechanisms that underpin the function and dysfunction of the component processes of empathy and implicit emotion processing in 120 incarcerated offenders stratified into low, medium, and high scorers on Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, 1991), along with 40 matched controls from the community. This project utilizes a mobile MRI system, which is brought to prisons to collect functional magnetic resonance imaging, structural and diffusion tensor imaging, autonomic nervous system measurements, and behavioral responses on-site at the correctional facilities. The tasks collected in the scanner will target the subjects' perception and interpretation of pain and emotions in others. Preliminary pilot data indicate that current theories, such as those hypothesizing chronic hypofunctioning of the amygdala or other limbic structures, may not be an accurate representation of actual deficits in psychopathy, since different patterns of activation, including amygdala and striatum activity, are so far seen in the psychopath group in response to our emotional stimuli. As well as shedding light onto the nature of empathy dysfunction within psychopathy, this project will provide a direct assessment for a model of empathy that relies on distributed information processing networks. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in empathy offers important implications for the examination and understanding of individuals with antisocial behavioral disorders, but complementarily, understanding which neural components of empathy are still intact and which differ in populations that are defined by patterns of counter-empathic behavior will help crystallize the understanding of the component processes which contribute to empathic behaviors in healthy adults. This translational project bridges social psychology and cognitive and affective neuroscience to bring to light the neural underpinnings of a costly societal problem at a systems and behavioral level. The findings of this research will expand our knowledge on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion.

描述（由申请人提供）：在神经学水平上对同理心的研究提供了对组成过程的深入了解，这些组成过程使我们能够分享彼此的情感，与有需要的人产生共鸣，并以有利于他人的方式行事。那些公然无视他人福祉，表现得好像他们没有同情心的人通常被描述为精神病患者。与其他精神疾病相比，人们对精神病中涉及的神经认知系统知之甚少，目前也没有有效的治疗方案。对这种疾病的关注是紧迫的：精神病罪犯往往是累犯和暴力罪犯，他们的犯罪给社会造成的损失每年达到数千亿美元。确定精神病患者共情缺陷的性质将进一步指导临床竞技场的干预和治疗策略。本研究的目的是探讨120名囚犯的共情和内隐情绪处理的功能和功能障碍的神经机制，这些囚犯在Hare的精神病检查表修订版（PCL-R，1991）上分为低、中、高分，沿着有40名来自社区的对照。该项目利用一个移动的磁共振成像系统，将其带到监狱，在教养设施现场收集功能磁共振成像、结构和扩散张量成像、自主神经系统测量和行为反应。扫描仪中收集的任务将针对受试者对他人疼痛和情绪的感知和解释。初步的试验数据表明，目前的理论，例如那些假设杏仁核或其他边缘系统结构的慢性功能减退，可能并不能准确地代表精神病患者的实际缺陷，因为迄今为止，在精神病患者群体中，对我们的情绪刺激做出反应时，可以看到不同的激活模式，包括杏仁核和纹状体的活动。除了揭示精神病患者共情功能障碍的本质外，该项目还将为依赖于分布式信息处理网络的共情模型提供直接评估。更好地了解共情的机制对于检查和理解反社会行为障碍的个体具有重要意义，但作为补充，了解共情的哪些神经成分仍然完整，以及哪些在由反共情行为模式定义的人群中存在差异，将有助于明确理解健康成年人的共情行为的组成过程。这个翻译项目连接了社会心理学和认知与情感神经科学，揭示了系统和行为层面上代价高昂的社会问题的神经基础。这项研究的结果将扩大我们对情绪体验、表达和调节过程和机制的认识。