Minority Physicians and Research Careers: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

少数族裔医生和研究职业：应用计划行为理论

• 批准号: 8502705
• 负责人: Edward Krupat
• 金额: $ 33.23万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-23 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8502705
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Attitude; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral Sciences; Career Choice; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Data; Data Sources; Education; Future; Goals; Influentials; Intervention; Intrinsic factor; Knowledge; Medical; Medical Students; Mentors; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Physicians; Planning Theory; Play; Population; Prospective Studies; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Retrospective Studies; Rewards; Role; Scientist; Social Sciences; Students; Surveys; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Underrepresented Minority; United States National Institutes of Health; Weight; Work; career; cohort; experience; graduate student; innovation; medical schools; member; pre-clinical; primary outcome; programs; prospective; racial and ethnic; research study; response; science education; skills; social; success; theories; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): For several decades, the National Institutes of Health has recognized the importance of developing a diverse workforce of biomedical researchers. Yet relatively little is known about the reasons that attract URM medical students and physicians to enter research careers. The proposed study has the primary aim of addressing this knowledge gap, with the broader goal of informing interventions to address this national need. The project will bring together a diverse, interdisciplinary team of researchers and educators with great depth and breadth of experience. In contrast to prior non-theoretical research efforts, we propose to apply a well-respected social science model, the Theory of Planned Behavior, to guide this research. The project has two parts: 1) a prospective study of four cohorts of Harvard Medical School (HMS) students from the entering classes of 2009-2012 (n=660), and 2) a retrospective study of four cohorts of HMS graduates after they have completed all their training, the graduating classes of 1996-1999 (n=703). The prospective study takes advantage a previously planned curricular change at HMS: With the entering class of 2011, all HMS students will be required to complete a mentored research project. We propose to study the last two cohorts entering under the old requirement and the first two cohorts under the new. Moreover, we will survey each of the four cohorts longitudinally, at the end of their pre-clinical basic science education and at the end of their principal clinical year. The primary outcome will be percentage of effort devoted to research, in the form of intentions for students and reported actual effort for graduates. We predict that identification with the HMS culture will be closely related to research career choice for URM students; that research career intentions will be higher for all students under the new requirements; and that the factors that affect students will be different at the end of their second year versus third year. The project has sufficient statistical power to address the major aims. To overcome an inherent limitation of the prospective study (intentions rather than actual choices can be studied), the retrospective survey will be conducted in parallel on graduates of the same medical school. By having multiple data sources (students and graduates) about motives for choice, as well as data about both intentions and actual choices, we can cross-validate our findings and offer a clearer picture of the determinants of research career paths as affected by racial/ethnic background, attitudes, and prior experience. Our findings will guide future programs on how to attract more URM medical students into research careers in biomedical and behavioral sciences.

描述（由申请人提供）：几十年来，美国国立卫生研究院已经认识到发展多样化的生物医学研究人员队伍的重要性。然而，吸引URM医学生和医生进入研究职业的原因相对较少。拟议研究的主要目的是弥补这一知识差距，更广泛的目标是为满足这一国家需求的干预措施提供信息。该项目将汇集一个多元化的跨学科研究人员和教育工作者团队，具有丰富的经验和深度。与之前的非理论研究相比，我们建议应用一个备受推崇的社会科学模型，计划行为理论来指导这项研究。该项目有两个部分：1）对2009-2012年入学的四批哈佛医学院（HMS）学生（n=660）进行的前瞻性研究，以及2）对完成所有培训后的四批HMS毕业生（1996-1999年毕业班）（n=703）进行的回顾性研究。这项前瞻性研究利用了HMS先前计划的课程变化：随着2011年的入学，所有HMS学生都将被要求完成一个有指导的研究项目。我们建议研究最后两批按旧规定入学的学生，以及首两批按新规定入学的学生。此外，我们将纵向调查四个队列中的每一个，在他们的临床前基础科学教育结束时，在他们的主要临床年结束时。主要结果将是用于研究的努力的百分比，以学生的意图和毕业生报告的实际努力的形式。我们预测，与HMS文化的认同将与URM学生的研究职业选择密切相关;根据新的要求，所有学生的研究职业意向将更高;影响学生的因素将在第二年与第三年结束时有所不同。该项目有足够的统计能力来实现主要目标。为了克服前瞻性研究的固有局限性（可以研究意向而不是实际选择），将对同一医学院的毕业生进行平行的回顾性调查。通过拥有关于选择动机的多个数据源（学生和毕业生），以及关于意图和实际选择的数据，我们可以交叉验证我们的研究结果，并更清楚地了解受种族/民族背景，态度和先前经验影响的研究职业道路的决定因素。我们的研究结果将指导未来的计划，如何吸引更多的URM医学生进入生物医学和行为科学的研究生涯。