The Endothelial Glycocalyx: Its Structure and Function and as a Mechanotransducer

内皮糖萼：其结构和功能以及作为机械传感器

• 批准号: 8452129
• 负责人: JOHN M TARBELL
• 金额: $ 58.86万
• 依托单位: CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8452129
• 关键词: Address; Adhesions; Amino Acid Sequence; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Binding; Biomedical Engineering; Blood Vessels; Blood flow; Caveolae; Cell Line; Cells; Characteristics; Chondroitinases; Complement; Confocal Microscopy; Core Protein; Cytoskeleton; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Electron Microscopy; Endothelial Cells; Enzymes; Epoprostenol; Event; Focal Adhesions; Functional disorder; Glycocalyx; Glycosaminoglycans; Glypican; Goals; Gold; Health; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan; Heparin Lyase; Heparitin Sulfate; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronidase; Hypertension; In Vitro; Inorganic Sulfates; Knowledge; Label; Liquid substance; Mediating; Membrane; Methods; Microscopy; Molecular Biology; Morphologic artifacts; Mus; Neuraminidase; Nitric Oxide; Plasma Proteins; Process; Production; Prostaglandins I; Proteins; Proteoglycan; Public Health; RNA Interference; Research; Research Project Grants; Series; Sialic Acids; Signaling Molecule; Structure; Surface; Technology; Thick; Time; Transmission Electron Microscopy; Unspecified or Sulfate Ion Sulfates; Vascular Diseases; Vasodilator Agents; Work; combat; in vivo; insight; knockout animal; macromolecule; proteoglycan core protein; public health relevance; research study; response; shear stress; small hairpin RNA; syndecan

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The luminal surfaces of endothelial cells (ECs) that line our vasculature are coated with a glycocalyx of membrane-bound macromolecules comprised of sulfated proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, sialic acids, glycocproteins and plasma proteins that adhere to this surface matrix. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) provides a multifunctional coating to the vasculature that is degraded in disease states such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Because of dehydration artifacts associated with conventional electron microscopy, even such rudimentary characteristics as the thickness of the layer have not been firmly established. In vivo and in vitro studies have, however, shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate endothelial remodeling (cell elongation and alignment) in response to fluid shear stress and along with hyaluronic acid control vital mechanotransduction events such as fluid shear-induced stimulation of nitric oxide production, but the core proteins that are involved in these characteristic responses are not known. To address these fundamental questions that are crucial for our understanding of vascular function in health and disease, we will pursue the following studies in the proposed research: To elucidate the structure of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) we will apply, for the first time, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) in conjunction with confocal microscopy to determine its thickness and organization. To determine the proteoglycan core proteins that mediate EC remodeling and mechanotransduction in response to fluid shear stress we will use glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degrading enzymes, RNA interference technology and adhesion blocking amino acid sequences in vitro and knockout animals in vivo to deconstruct these processes. To carry out the projects in this Bioengineering Research Grant (BRG), we have organized a research team with core expertise in bioengineering including: in vitro shear experiments (Tarbell), and in vivo shear experiments (Fu) that is complemented by expertise in microscopy and molecular biology (Spray).

描述（由申请人提供）：排列在我们脉管系统中的内皮细胞（EC）的管腔表面涂有膜结合大分子的糖萼，这些大分子由附着在该表面基质上的硫酸化蛋白聚糖、透明质酸、唾液酸、糖蛋白和血浆蛋白组成。内皮糖萼层（EGL）为脉管系统提供了多功能涂层，该涂层在动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病等疾病状态下会降解。由于与传统电子显微镜相关的脱水伪影，甚至诸如层厚度之类的基本特征也尚未确定。然而，体内和体外研究表明，硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖介导响应流体剪切应力的内皮重塑（细胞伸长和排列），并与透明质酸一起控制重要的机械转导事件，例如流体剪切诱导的一氧化氮产生的刺激，但参与这些特征反应的核心蛋白尚不清楚。为了解决这些对于我们了解健康和疾病中的血管功能至关重要的基本问题，我们将在拟议的研究中进行以下研究：为了阐明内皮糖萼层（EGL）的结构，我们将首次应用冷冻透射电子显微镜（cryo-TEM）与共聚焦显微镜相结合来确定其厚度和组织。为了确定响应流体剪切应力介导 EC 重塑和机械转导的蛋白聚糖核心蛋白，我们将使用糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 降解酶、RNA 干扰技术和体外粘附阻断氨基酸序列以及体内敲除动物来解构这些过程。 为了开展生物工程研究补助金（BRG）中的项目，我们组织了一支具有生物工程核心专业知识的研究团队，包括：体外剪切实验（Tarbell）和体内剪切实验（Fu），并辅以显微镜和分子生物学专业知识（Spray）。