Linking Biological and Social Pathways to Adolescent Health and Well-Being

描述(由申请人提供)：将生物和社会途径与青少年健康和福祉联系起来摘要跨学科的研究提供了强有力的证据，表明暴露在长期压力下会在整个生命过程中导致不良的身心健康结果。因此，大规模的人群研究越来越多地整合了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)活动(例如皮质醇)的生物标记物的收集，以调查神经内分泌途径在多大程度上解释了慢性应激在形成不良健康结果以及种族/民族和社会经济健康差异方面的作用。然而，很少有人口研究收集青少年的皮质醇生物标记物，在那些有这种生物标记物的人中，重大的方法学挑战最终阻碍了数据质量。因此，本R21提案的目的是现场测试从青少年采集的非侵入性纵向皮质醇样本，以探索6个晚上的夜间唾液皮质醇测量和1次头发皮质醇测量的有效性和可靠性。这些发现将决定收集这些措施是否可行，并在健康受损的各种社会风险的青少年群体中提供信息。这项R21建议的独特之处在于，我们将利用参与最近资助的前瞻性队列研究--青少年健康与发展背景研究(AHDC)研究(PI Browning；NIH 1R01DA032371-01和威廉·T·格兰特基金会)的第一波青少年的子样本。该研究将考察空间和社会暴露对俄亥俄州富兰克林县4000名11-17岁青少年的风险行为、受害情况和心理健康结果的影响。该R21提案的具体目标是：目标1：通过6个晚上的夜间唾液样本和1个头发样本对青少年皮质醇非侵入性生物标记物的收集进行现场测试，目标2：检查(A)皮质醇生物标记物；(B)免疫功能生物标记物(EBV DNA)和(C)来自AhDC的青少年风险行为、心理社会应激源和环境应激源之间的联系的次要数据。我们的分析策略将采用先进的多水平建模技术，旨在估计个体之间和个体内部皮质醇水平的变异性，以及与这种变异性相关的行为、心理社会和环境压力因素。这项R21提案的结果将为选择高质量、可行和具有成本效益的生物标记物数据收集方案提供信息，以确定在第二波AHDC研究中社会风险对青少年健康和行为的生物影响。此外，这些数据将为未来人口研究研究的设计提供信息，以减少青少年的健康风险和差异，并在整个生命过程中带来潜在的健康益处。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Linking Biological and Social Pathways to Adolescent Health and Well-Being Abstract Research across disciplines provides strong evidence that exposure to chronic stress contributes to poor physical and mental health outcomes across the life course. Consequently, large-scale population studies have increasingly integrated the collection of biomarkers of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity (e.g. cortisol) to investigate the extent to which the neuroendocrine pathway explicates the role of chronic stress in shaping poor health outcomes and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities. However, few population studies have collected cortisol biomarkers from adolescents and among those that have, significant methodological challenges ultimately hampered data quality. Therefore, the purpose of this R21 proposal is to field test the collection of non-invasive longitudinal cortisol samples from adolescents to explore the validity and reliability of nightly measures of salivary cortisol for 6 nights and one hair sample for cortisol. The findings will determine if the collection of these measures is feasible and informative in a population of adolescents across a spectrum of social risk for impaired health. This R21 proposal is unique in that we will leverage a subsample of adolescents participating in the first wave of a recently funded prospective cohort study - the Adolescent Health and Development in Context (AHDC) study (PI Browning; NIH 1R01DA032371-01 and the William T. Grant Foundation). The AHDC study will examine the impact of spatial and social exposures on the risk behavior, victimization and mental health outcomes of 4,000 adolescents aged 11-17 years in Franklin County, Ohio. The specific aims of this R21 proposal are: Aim 1: To field test the collection of non-invasive biomarkers of cortisol in adolescents via nightly salivary samples for 6 nights and one hair sample and Aim 2: To examine the relationships between the (a) cortisol biomarkers; (b) immune function biomarkers (EBV DNA) and (c) linked secondary data from the AHDC study of adolescent risk behavior, psychosocial stressors, and environmental stressors. Our analytic strategy will employ advanced multilevel modeling techniques designed to estimate the variability in cortisol levels between and within individuals and the behavioral, psychosocial and environmental stressors associated with this variability. The findings of this R21 proposal will inform the selection of a high-quality, feasible and cost-effective biomarker data collection protocol to determine the biological impact of social risk on adolescent health and behavior in the second wave of the AHDC study. In addition, these data will inform the design of future population research studies to reduce adolescent health risk and disparities, with potential health benefits over the life course.