Efficacy of Yoga as an Alternative Therapy for Smoking Cessation

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管存在有效的戒烟药物，但大约50-80%的吸烟者试图戒烟而不使用药物治疗。鼓励在戒烟过程中使用药物的努力取得了不同程度的成功。20-23许多人不使用药物是因为担心副作用、药物使用不合适的禁忌症，以及个人偏好无化学物质的戒烟尝试。这使得许多吸烟者寻求一种有效的替代方法来帮助他们尝试戒烟。每年，超过41%的吸烟者报告戒烟失败因此，非常需要有效的非药物干预来提高戒烟成功率。我们的研究和其他研究者的研究表明，传统（西方）运动（如快走、骑自行车）可以提高吸烟者成功戒烟的能力。锻炼可以通过减少对戒烟后体重增加的担忧，减少尼古丁戒断和改善情绪来帮助吸烟者戒烟最近的研究表明，瑜伽是一种可接受的、潜在有效的戒烟替代疗法，原因如下：作为一种运动形式，瑜伽与传统（西方）有氧运动有许多相同的特性，瑜伽已被证明可以改善情绪、身体健康、控制体重、自我形象和生活质量，无论健康人群还是患病人群。10-13此外，瑜伽的特点，包括专注于呼吸、精神集中、冥想、减轻压力和改善情绪，可能对试图戒烟的吸烟者有特别的意义。因此，对于那些不能使用药物或戒烟时选择不使用药物的人来说，瑜伽可能是一种特别有吸引力的选择。拟议的研究将采用随机对照研究设计，测试瑜伽作为戒烟补充疗法的功效。成年吸烟者将被随机分配到其中一组；1)瑜伽，或2)同等接触时间控制组（CTL）给予健康和保健计划来控制接触时间。所有参与者将被提供（单独的治疗组分配）相同的认知行为戒烟咨询（SCC）。戒烟将在治疗结束（第10周）和3、6和12个月的随访中进行测量。我们假设，与SCC+CTL相比，SCC+瑜伽组的戒断程度明显更高。我们还将测试干预效果的理论假设中介（例如，感知压力，认知/知觉变化），检查瑜伽干预的成本效益，并检查治疗后期间保持瑜伽练习与吸烟状况之间的关系。这项研究建立在我们的程序化研究线上，开发创新的，理论驱动的戒烟疗法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the existence of effective medications for smoking cessation, approximately 50-80% of smokers attempt to quit without using pharmacotherapy.1-4 Efforts to encourage medication use during cessation attempts have met with mixed success.20-23 Many do not use medications because of concerns about side effects, contraindications that make medication use inappropriate, and individual preferences for chemical-free quit attempts. This leaves many smokers seeking an effective alternative to assist them in attempting to quit smoking.5-6 Each year, over 41% of smokers report failed attempts to quit smoking.18 Thus, effective non- pharmacological interventions to increase rates of successful cessation are greatly needed. Our research, and the research of other investigators, has demonstrated that traditional (Western) exercise (e.g., brisk walking, bicycling) improves smokers' ability to successfully quit. Exercise may help smokers quit by reducing concerns regarding post-cessation weight gain,7-8 and by reducing nicotine withdrawal and enhancing mood.9 Recent research suggests that yoga is an acceptable and potentially effective alternative therapy for smoking cessation for several reasons: As a form of exercise, yoga shares many of the same properties as traditional (Western) aerobic exercise in that yoga has been shown to improve mood, physical fitness, weight control, self-image and quality of life in healthy and ill populations.10-13 Moreover, features of yoga, including a focus on breathing, mental concentration, meditation, stress reduction and enhanced mood are likely to have special relevance for smokers who are trying to quit.14-15 Thus, yoga may be particularly attractive as an alternative for individuals who either cannot use medications, or who choose not to use medications while quitting. The proposed study will test the efficacy of Yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation using a randomized, controlled study design. Adult smokers will be randomly assigned to either; 1) Yoga, or 2) an equal contact time Control group (CTL) given a health & wellness program to control for contact time. All participants will be provided (separately by treatment group assignment) with the same cognitive-behavioral Smoking Cessation Counseling (SCC). Smoking abstinence will be measured at the end of treatment (week 10) and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. We hypothesize that abstinence will be significantly higher in the SCC+Yoga group compared to SCC+CTL. We will also test theoretically posited mediators of intervention efficacy (e.g., perceived stress, cognitive/perceptual changes), examine the cost-efficacy of the yoga intervention, and examine the relationship between maintenance of yoga practice during the post-treatment period and smoking status. This study builds on our programmatic line of research developing innovative, theory-driven smoking cessation therapies.