School-Based Mindfulness Intervention to Prevent Substance Use Among Urban Youth

以学校为基础的正念干预，以防止城市青少年吸毒

• 批准号: 8465852
• 负责人: Mark T. Greenberg
• 金额: $ 27.8万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8465852
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Arousal; Attention; Attitude; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavioral; Chronic stress; Cities; Climate; Cognitive; Collaborations; Communities; Computers; Data; Disadvantaged; Educational process of instructing; Emotional; Environmental Risk Factor; Exposure to; Feasibility Studies; Foundations; Goals; Health; Human Resources; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Intervention; Lead; Life; Low income; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pennsylvania; Personal Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Population; Preparation; Prevention; Prevention Research; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Problem behavior; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Records; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sample Size; Schools; Strategic Planning; Stress; Students; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; Symptoms; Training; Universities; Violence; Work; Yoga; Youth; base; cognitive neuroscience; design; drug abuse prevention; early onset drug use; early onset substance use; efficacy testing; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; fifth grade; high risk; improved; inner city; instructor; intervention effect; mindfulness; neurocognitive test; novel; positive youth development; post intervention; programs; randomized trial; reduced substance use; sixth grade; social; stress management; substance use prevention; successful intervention; teacher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The National Institute on Drug Abuse's 2009 Strategic Plan highlights prevention of drug use initiation among youth using novel interventions as a key objective. Early initiation of substance use is a serious public health problem, with national surveys suggesting close to one third of eighth graders have used some form of illicit drug. Prevention with youth from disadvantaged communities is particularly urgent. Early and continued exposure to adversity-widespread in such communities--is associated with increased risks for early drug use initiation and subsequent substance use disorders. The proposed R34 project is a randomized controlled study to assess the impact of a 24-week, school-based mindfulness and yoga intervention to prevent substance use among disadvantaged, urban youth. The intervention is informed by findings in cognitive neuroscience, which suggest that mindfulness practices enhance cognitive and emotion regulation capacities. Evidence suggests that strengthening those capacities may improve key social-emotional precursors of substance use initiation, such as internalizing and externalizing symptoms, thereby reducing risks for substance use problems. Participants will be 266 fifth and sixth graders recruited from six K-8 Baltimore City schools. Schools will be randomized either to an intervention or control condition. Social, emotional, behavioral, and academic functioning and substance use norms, attitudes, and use will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month follow ups. Data will be collected via youth self-reports, neurocognitive tests, teacher reports, and academic records. We will assess intervention outcomes, as well as hypothesized moderators (e.g., stress exposure) and mediators (e.g., self- regulatory capacities) of intervention effects. Feasibility of this research is enhanced by longstanding collaboration among the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Pennsylvania State University's Prevention Research Center, and the Baltimore-based Holistic Life Foundation, which specializes in teaching mindfulness and yoga to urban youth. A pilot randomized trial by our team provided encouraging evidence for intervention feasibility and preliminary outcomes. The proposed study will build on that work and will provide effect size estimates and other data to inform the design of a larger-scale randomized controlled R01 trial of program efficacy. If successful, the intervention will not only reduce substance use initiation but will also promote positive youth development across emotional and behavioral domains. The intervention has potential for dissemination locally and nationally.

描述（由申请人提供）：国家药物滥用研究所的2009年战略计划强调，使用新的干预措施预防青少年开始吸毒是一个关键目标。过早开始使用药物是一个严重的公共卫生问题，全国调查表明，近三分之一的八年级学生使用过某种形式的非法药物。针对弱势社区青年的预防工作尤为紧迫。早期和持续暴露于不利因素-在这些社区中普遍存在-与早期开始使用毒品和随后的物质使用障碍的风险增加有关。拟议的R34项目是一项随机对照研究，旨在评估为期24周的以学校为基础的正念和瑜伽干预对预防弱势城市青年使用药物的影响。这种干预是由认知神经科学的研究结果提供的，这些研究结果表明，正念练习可以增强认知和情绪调节能力。有证据表明，加强这些能力可能会改善开始使用药物的关键社会情感前兆，如内化和外化症状，从而减少药物使用问题的风险。参与者将是从六所K-8巴尔的摩市学校招募的266名五年级和六年级学生。学校将被随机分为干预组和对照组。在基线、干预后以及6个月和12个月随访时，将评估社会、情感、行为和学业功能以及物质使用规范、态度和使用情况。数据将通过青少年自我报告，神经认知测试，教师报告和学术记录收集。我们将评估干预结果，以及假设的主持人（例如，应激暴露）和介质（例如，自我调节能力）的干预效果。这项研究的可行性得到了约翰霍普金斯彭博公共卫生学院、宾夕法尼亚州立大学预防研究中心和巴尔的摩整体生活基金会之间长期合作的加强，该基金会专门向城市青年教授正念和瑜伽。我们团队的一项试点随机试验为干预可行性和初步结果提供了令人鼓舞的证据。这项拟议的研究将建立在这项工作的基础上，并将提供效应量估计和其他数据，以指导设计一项更大规模的随机对照R 01试验。如果成功的话，干预不仅会减少物质使用的开始，而且还会促进青少年在情感和行为领域的积极发展。干预措施有可能在地方和全国推广。

项目成果

A Qualitative Exploration of Implementation Factors in a School-Based Mindfulness and Yoga Program: Lessons Learned from Students and Teachers.

• DOI: 10.1002/pits.21979
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Psychology in the schools
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Dariotis JK;Mirabal-Beltran R;Cluxton-Keller F;Gould LF;Greenberg MT;Mendelson T
• 通讯作者: Mendelson T

Assessing Fidelity of Implementation (FOI) for School-Based Mindfulness and Yoga Interventions: A Systematic Review.

• DOI: 10.1007/s12671-015-0395-6
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Mindfulness
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Gould LF;Dariotis JK;Greenberg MT;Mendelson T
• 通讯作者: Mendelson T