Differential Extinction of Specific Types of Posttraumatic Emotional Reactivity

特定类型的创伤后情绪反应的差异消退

• 批准号: 8213121
• 负责人: Christal L. Badour
• 金额: $ 3.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT FAYETTEVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8213121
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Chronic; Clinical; Control Groups; Cues; Development; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Evidence based intervention; Exposure to; Extinction (Psychology); Failure; Foundations; Fright; Goals; Imagery; Individual; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Measures; Memory; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Phase; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prevention; Prevention program; Procedures; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Randomized; Reaction; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Residual state; Resistance; Scientist; Services; Specificity; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Training; Trauma; Undifferentiated; Woman; Work; assault; base; biological adaptation to stress; career; clinically significant; conditioned fear; design; disability; emotional reaction; experience; improved; innovation; long term memory; pre-doctoral; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; response; sexual assault; therapy design; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Based on my overarching career goal of becoming a clinical scientist in an academic setting with a program of work focused on understanding the range of emotional reactions associated with traumatic events and their affect on both natural and facilitated recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions, I am seeking training in 1) the use of sophisticated methodological and analytic techniques involving trauma-relevant laboratory elicitation and assessment of emotion; 2) the use of experimental psychopathology methods to understand posttraumatic sequelae, including PTSD; and 3) the application of this evidence to the development and refinement of both treatment and prevention programs targeting problematic posttraumatic outcomes. The proposed laboratory-based study represents a key step in the service of these aims by providing a rich context for me to examine mechanisms that can inform the development of tailored, evidence-based interventions. As such, the proposed study utilizes sophisticated laboratory-based procedures to compare rates of decline in the emotional reactivity of disgust and fear in response to repeated exposure to sexual assault-related cues. Specifically, 92 sexually assaulted women will complete a laboratory-based assessment of disgust- and fear-based emotional reactivity in response to repeated exposures to an individualized script-driven imagery procedure. Change in emotional reactivity will be measured following exposure to disgust- and fear- focused sexual assault scripts as well as neutral scripts (control groups). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups (2 experimental, 2 control) where they will receive repeated exposure to disgust-focused and fear-focused sexual assault scripts (experimental groups) or neutral scripts (control groups). Specific study hypotheses are as follows: 1) overall, repeated exposure to sexual assault cues will result in less extinction of disgust-based reactivity compared to fear-based reactivity, 2) repeated exposure to disgust-focused sexual assault cues, compared to exposure to fear-focused cues, will result in greater extinction of disgust-based reactivity, and 3) Repeated exposure to fear-focused sexual assault cues, compared to exposure to disgust- focused cues, will result in greater extinction of fear-based reactivity. Exposure-based procedures are integrated into the most well-established prevention programs and treatments for posttraumatic stress resulting from sexual assault, yet a significant minority of people receiving such interventions do not appear to benefit and people responding well to interventions commonly report residual symptoms . Accordingly, this project aims to understand specific processes and mechanisms that likely affect outcomes of exposure-based interventions to advance efforts to further alleviate the extensive public health burden introduced by PTSD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: While leading scholars in the area of sexual assault have long suggested that emotions other than fear are likely to be impact interventions for posttraumatic problems, the current project incorporates one of the first controlled laboratory investigations of this hypothesis by investigating the effects of exposure to sexual assault- relevant cues on disgust- and fear-based reactivity. Findings from this study will lay the foundation for an investigation of effects of specifically targeting disgust-based reactivity in the treatment of sexual assault- related PTSD. This project is both significant and clinically important in that it seeks to better understand specific processes and mechanisms that likely affect outcomes of exposure-based interventions in an effort to enhance interventions designed to alleviate the extensive public health burden introduced by PTSD.

描述（由申请人提供）：基于我成为学术环境中的临床科学家的总体职业目标，其工作计划重点是了解与创伤事件相关的情绪反应的范围及其对创伤后应激反应自然恢复和促进恢复的影响，我正在寻求以下方面的培训：1）使用复杂的方法和分析技术，涉及创伤相关的实验室诱发和情绪评估； 2）利用实验精神病理学方法来了解创伤后后遗症，包括PTSD； 3）应用这些证据来制定和完善针对有问题的创伤后结果的治疗和预防计划。拟议的基于实验室的研究代表了实现这些目标的关键一步，为我提供了丰富的背景来研究可以为制定定制的、基于证据的干预措施提供信息的机制。因此，拟议的研究利用复杂的基于实验室的程序来比较反复接触性侵犯相关线索时厌恶和恐惧情绪反应的下降率。具体来说，92 名遭受性侵犯的女性将完成基于实验室的基于厌恶和恐惧的情绪反应评估，以应对反复暴露于个性化脚本驱动的图像程序。在接触以厌恶和恐惧为中心的性侵犯脚本以及中性脚本（对照组）后，将测量情绪反应的变化。参与者将被随机分配到四组中的一组（2组实验组，2组控制组），他们将反复接触以厌恶和恐惧为中心的性侵犯脚本（实验组）或中性脚本（对照组）。具体研究假设如下：1）总体而言，与基于恐惧的反应性相比，反复接触性侵犯线索将导致基于厌恶的性侵犯线索的消失较少，2）与暴露于以恐惧为中心的线索相比，反复接触以厌恶为中心的性侵犯线索将导致基于厌恶的反应性更大程度的消失，以及3）与暴露于以恐惧为中心的性侵犯线索相比，反复接触以恐惧为中心的性侵犯线索将导致更大程度的消失。 以厌恶为中心的线索，将导致基于恐惧的反应的更大程度的消失。基于暴露的程序被纳入最完善的预防计划和针对性侵犯造成的创伤后应激的治疗中，但接受此类干预措施的极少数人似乎并未受益，并且对干预措施反应良好的人通常报告残留症状。因此，该项目旨在了解可能影响基于暴露的干预措施结果的具体过程和机制，以推进进一步减轻 PTSD 带来的广泛公共卫生负担的努力。 公共健康相关性：虽然性侵犯领域的顶尖学者长期以来一直认为恐惧以外的情绪可能是对创伤后问题的影响干预措施，但当前的项目通过调查暴露于性侵犯相关线索对基于厌恶和恐惧的反应的影响，纳入了该假设的首批受控实验室研究之一。这项研究的结果将为调查专门针对基于厌恶的反应性治疗性侵犯相关创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的效果奠定基础。该项目具有重要意义和临床重要性，因为它旨在更好地了解可能影响基于暴露的干预措施结果的具体过程和机制，以加强旨在减轻 PTSD 带来的广泛公共卫生负担的干预措施。

项目成果

Shame Proneness, Negative Cognitions, and Posttraumatic Stress Among Women with a History Sexual Trauma.

• DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2020.1725211
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma
• 作者: Badour CL;Dutton CE;Wright JJ;Jones AC;Feldner MT
• 通讯作者: Feldner MT

Preliminary evidence for a unique role of disgust-based conditioning in posttraumatic stress.

• DOI: 10.1002/jts.21796
• 发表时间: 2013-04
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Badour, Christal L.;Feldner, Matthew T.;Blumenthal, Heidemarie;Knapp, Ashley
• 通讯作者: Knapp, Ashley