New Media Core

在本节中，我们将举例说明目前的HIV中心发展核心、CCNMTL和HIV中心调查人员使用新媒体工具所取得的成就。我们还指出，在使用这些工具方面，我们有着巨大的潜力。最重要的是，在具体目标4中，我们强调需要应用来自各个领域的理论（例如，民族志，交互设计，人机交互和基于可用性的研究[24]），以了解和评估新媒体工具和策略的应用可能在艾滋病毒领域产生的影响;这将是发展新的理论和概念框架的基础，这将大大有助于该领域的进步。 通过实现其特定目标，新媒体核心不仅将支持和优化艾滋病毒中心研究人员在该中心的实施和转化科学主题重点方面的工作，而且还将有助于为该领域制定新标准，并为全球艾滋病毒研究人员展示新的可能性。后一种影响将通过各种传播战略来实现，包括科学会议介绍、出版物和在线媒体帖子（例如，演示视频-如CCNMTL使用的视频-上传到YouTube;参见第2.2）节中关于新媒体使用的内容 艾滋病毒研究。这将解决世界范围内资源日益减少的严峻挑战，以及使艾滋病毒预防和护理工具易于传播和推广的需要。 2.1新媒体的使用将大大改善数据收集。新媒体工具特别适用于艾滋病毒研究中的数据收集，因为它们已被证明可以提高保密性，不易受社会期望和采访者偏见的影响，允许从不同地点即时收集数据，并使用内部逻辑检查来减少数据不一致性[25]。HIV中心的研究人员在他们的研究中逐步采用了一些新媒体数据收集工具。例如，Carballo-Dieguez使用基于网络的计算机辅助自我访谈（CASI）来收集对位于纽约的中央服务器上的几个不同美国城市的问卷的回答。鲁本·罗宾斯博士，最近从HIV中心博士后奖学金项目毕业，现任哥伦比亚大学精神病学系助理教授，正在与同事合作开发一种智能手机应用程序，用于检测HIV相关的神经认知障碍-通过反应时间，记忆，处理速度和注意力来测量-将用于南非的一项研究[27]。Heino Meyer-Bahlburg，Dr. rer.自然，使用视频会议，并采用特殊安全措施，通过对患有各种精神健康状况的患者、其家人和临床医生进行现场访谈，进行远程评估。Carballo-Dieguez使用交互式语音应答（IVR）系统来监测Microbidde试验中的日常依从性和性行为，跟踪激励积累，为参与者生成提醒消息以呼叫系统，并在错过日常呼叫的情况下提醒研究人员[28]。 有关HIV中心研究者使用的新媒体工具的更详细列表，请参见附录G.1。 新媒体领域正在不断发展，市场上不断出现令人兴奋的招聘和数据收集的新可能性。这类工具的例子包括： 基于全球定位系统（GPS）的社交网络。这些应用程序（app）使用GPS来指示用户感兴趣的附近人群。其中一个移动的应用程序Grindr在男男性行为者（MSM）中很受欢迎，他们用它来识别和与他们所在位置的小半径内的其他MSM互动，最近洛杉矶的研究人员使用它来定位MSM参与者进行直肠微生物研究。像这样的工具可以被研究人员用来确定不同邮政编码的人口密度，并决定招募策略。 通过智能手机录制并发送带有时间戳的视频。该技术可用作直接观察治疗的新媒体等效物，通过记录参与者服用暴露前预防药物来加强依从性数据收集[29]。 可摄入事件标记。添加到药丸中的可摄入微芯片在暴露于胃分泌物时向外部数据捕获系统发送简短的独特电子信号，以确认药丸被摄入[30]，并可用于收集抗逆转录病毒依从性的数据[31]。 有关当前可用的新媒体数据收集工具的更多示例，请参见附录G.2。 更多的数据收集工具将在下一个P30资助期间提供。新媒体核心将帮助中心研究人员通过鼓励将新媒体工具纳入他们的研究中来增加他们收集的数据的范围和质量。新媒体核心将与统计、流行病学和数据管理（SED）核心密切合作，为使用新媒体工具可能产生的大量信息确定创造性的数据管理战略和统计分析方法，并解决数据安全问题。

In this section, we give examples of the accomplishments that the current HIV Center Development Core, CCNMTL, and HIV Center investigators have had using New Media tools. We also point out the extraordinary potential ahead of us for the use of these tools. Most importantly, in Specific Aim 4, we highlight the need to apply theories from a variety of fields (e.g., ethnography, interaction design, human computer interaction, and usability-based studies [24]) to understand and assess the effect that the application of New Media tools and strategies may have in the HIV field; This will be the basis for the development of new theoretical and conceptual frameworks that will significantly contribute to the advancement of the field. By achieving its Specific Aims, the New Media Core will not only support and optimize the work of HIV Center investigators in the Center's thematic emphasis on implementation and translational science but will also contribute to set new standards for the field and showcase new possibilities for HIV researchers worldwide. The latter impact will be achieved through a variety of dissemination strategies including scientific conference presentations, publications, and online media postings (e.g., demonstration videos - such as those used by CCNMTL - uploaded to YouTube; see Section 2.2) on the use of New Media in HIV research. This will address both the worldwide critical challenge of dwindling resources and the need to make HIV prevention and care tools readily available for dissemination and scalability. 2.1 The use of New Media will significantly improve data collection. New Media tools are particularly suited for data collection in HIV research as they have been shown, for example, to increase confidentiality, be less susceptible to social desirability and interviewer biases, allow for instantaneous collection of data from various locations, and use internal logic checks to decrease data inconsistencies [25]. HIV Center researchers have progressively incorporated a number of New Media data collection tools in their studies. For example, Carballo-Dieguez used web-based Computer Assisted Self-Interviews (CASI) to collect responses to questionnaires being entered in several different US cities instantly on a central server located in New York [26]. Reuben Robbins, Ph.D., a recent graduate from the HIV Center postdoctoral fellowship program and current Assistant Professor in the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, is working with colleagues to develop a smart-phone application to detect HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders - measurable through reaction time, memory, processing speed, and attention - to be used in a study in South Africa [27]. Heino Meyer-Bahlburg, Dr.rer. nat., uses videoconferencing enhanced with special security measures to conduct long-distance evaluation through live interviews of patients with various mental health conditions, their family members, and clinicians. Carballo-Dieguez used an interactive voice response (IVR) system to monitor daily adherence and sexual practices in microbidde trials, track incentive accumulation, generate reminder messages for participants to call the system, and alert researchers in the case of missed daily calls [28]. See Appendix G.1 for a more detailed listing of New Media tools used by HIV Center investigators. The New Media field is ever evolving, with exciting new possibilities for recruitment and data collection constantly appearing on the market. Examples of such tools include the following: ¿ Global Positioning System (GPS)-based social networks. These applications (apps) use GPS to indicate nearby populations of interest to the user. One such mobile app, Grindr, which is popular among men who have sex with men (MSM), who use it to identify and interact with other MSM within a small radius of their location, was recently used by researchers in Los Angeles to locate MSM participants for a rectal microbidde study. Tools like this one can be used by researchers to determine the comparative density of populations in different zip codes and decide on recruitment strategies. ¿ Time stamped videos recorded and sent using smart phones. This technology can be used as the New Media equivalent of directly observed therapy to enhance adherence data collection by recording participants ingesting pre-exposure prophylaxis medication [29]. ¿ Ingestible event markers. Ingestible microchips added to pills transmit a brief distinctive electronic signal to an external data capture system when exposed to the gastric secretions to confirm that the pill was ingested [30] and can be used to collect data on antiretroviral adherence [31]. See Appendix G.2 for more examples of New Media data collection tools currently accessible. Many more data collection tools will become available in the course ofthe next P30 funding period. The New Media Core will help Center researchers increase the scope and quality of data they collect by encouraging the inclusion of New Media tools in their research studies. The New Media Core will work closely with the Statistics, Epidemiology and Data Management (SED) Core to identify creative data management strategies and statistical analysis approaches for the enormous amounts of information likely to be generated through the use of New Media tools as well as to address issues of data security.