Engineering Effective Interventions for Tobacco Use: A Translational Laboratory

描述(由申请人提供)：烟草使用对美国的健康造成了巨大的损害，其流行率在所有成年人中保持在20%左右。进一步降低吸烟率受到以下几个因素的阻碍：(1)开发更有效的戒烟干预措施进展缓慢；(2)循证干预措施利用率低；(3)干预措施使用不力。拟议中心的主要目标是建立一个多学科实验室，旨在产生全面的(从个人到系统)戒烟干预措施。NIDA卓越中心的这一应用包括由四个核心支持的三个研究项目，这些项目加在一起将产生一个可翻译的、具有成本效益和临床效果的戒烟干预方案。总体方法论方法以干预最优化原则为指导。项目1将测试在戒烟尝试的不同阶段实施的多个循证干预成分，以确定产生最佳戒烟成功的成分组合。项目2将测试两种不同类型的临床医生干预措施，这两种干预措施是由电子病历提示的，旨在增加吸烟者使用循证戒烟干预措施。项目3将测试三种不同类型的干预措施，旨在增加吸烟者有效使用戒烟药物。为了支持研究项目，中心将创建四个核心：管理、干预优化、方法以及指导、教育和传播。这些机构将提供所需的行政、科学、教育和业务支持，以确保研究项目和整个中心的成功。总体而言，这个拟议的卓越中心旨在展示创新的多学科研究战略在制定最佳戒烟方案方面的价值；这些战略可以应用于健康和药物滥用方面的各种问题。这一卓越中心申请的首要目标是减少美国烟草使用的流行率，以及由此带来的疾病、死亡和成本负担。 与公共健康相关：烟草使用的健康、经济和人类成本是深远的。拟议的中心拨款将把来自不同领域的科学家聚集在一起，开发高效的戒烟治疗方法，并确保它们被用于临床和医疗保健环境。这一综合方法预计将极大地改善全人口吸烟的减少。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use exacts an enormous toll on the health of America, with prevalence stalled at about 20% of all adults. Further reductions in smoking prevalence are impeded by several factors: (1) slow progress in the development of more effective cessation interventions; (2) low utilization of evidence-based interventions; and (3) ineffective use of interventions. The primary objective of the proposed Center is to establish a multidisciplinary laboratory designed to yield a comprehensive (individual to systems-level) smoking cessation intervention. This NIDA Center of Excellence application includes three research projects supported by four cores that together will produce a translatable, cost-effective, and clinically effective smoking cessation intervention package. The overall methodological approach is guided by the principles of intervention optimization. Project 1 will test multiple, evidence-based intervention components, administered at different phases of the cessation attempt, to identify the combination of components that produces optimal smoking cessation success. Project 2 will test two different types of clinician interventions that are prompted by the electronic medical record and designed to increase smokers' use of evidence-based cessation interventions. Project 3 will test three different types of interventions designed to increase smokers' effective use of cessation medication. In support of the research projects, the Center will create four cores: Administrative, Intervention Optimization, Methods, and Mentoring, Education, and Dissemination. These will provide the administrative, scientific, educational, and operational support needed to ensure the success of the research projects and the Center as a whole. Overall, this proposed Center of Excellence is designed to demonstrate the value of innovative, mutidisciplinary research strategies in producing optimal cessation packages; these strategies can be applied to diverse problems in health and drug abuse. The overarching goal of this Center of Excellence application is to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States, and the resulting burden of illness, death, and cost. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The health, economic, and human costs of tobacco use are profound. The proposed Center grant will bring together scientists from different fields to develop highly effective approaches to smoking cessation treatments and to ensure that they are used in clinics and healthcare settings. This integrated approach is expected to yield greatly improved population-wide reductions in smoking.