Sleep and Health in the Social Environment

描述（由申请人提供）：睡眠时间是一种受社会、行为和环境因素相互作用影响的生物学要求。行为因素包括习惯性睡眠时间以及其他受社会影响的行为，这些行为会参与促进或损害睡眠的生理过程。社会环境中的因素包括家庭、工作和其他影响个人睡眠时间表的社会因素，这些因素可能符合也可能不符合正常的生理规律，以及可能干扰睡眠的物理环境方面。很少有研究探讨健康行为（饮食、身体活动和物质使用）、社会因素（家庭状况、社会功能、孤立和压力）或物理环境（邻里和睡眠环境）作为减少睡眠时间的途径的影响。此外，研究这些因素的研究通常使用广泛的调查项目来探索睡眠，而不是经过验证的方法。因此，将部署一个两阶段协议来解决这些问题。第一阶段包括对n=1000名成年人进行在线调查，使用有效的措施来评估睡眠在一般健康（肥胖、功能和情绪）、健康行为（饮食、身体活动和物质使用）和社会因素（工作和家庭社会和社会需求、功能、孤立）背景下的影响。这些个体级数据将与通过现有地理空间数据库获得的邻域级数据合并。这将允许评估个人水平的睡眠变量是否与社区变量的区域水平测量（使用受访者的地址推导）相关，包括人口密度、社会经济地位、社会隔离、交通、噪音、犯罪/暴力，以及外部信息来源是否预测睡眠持续时间超过个人水平的测量。第二阶段将包括对调查样本中n=90的亚组进行深入的前瞻性分析（n=30，分别为<5、5-6和7-8小时的习惯性睡眠）。该评估将包括客观的睡眠测量（手腕活动记录仪）、健康状况（如体重指数、血液测量）、身体活动（臀部活动记录仪）和睡眠环境（光、温度和噪音传感器）。每日日记将评估睡眠、饮食、身体活动、物质使用、社会交往和睡眠环境。本研究的总体目标是评估行为、社会和环境习惯持续时间因素对睡眠的相对贡献，采用多模态评估所有领域，并利用新方法，如地理空间分析。由于睡眠时间不足是一个重要的公共卫生问题，在我们更好地理解(1)哪些因素需要成为干预措施的一部分，(2)干预措施应该针对哪些方面，以及(3)哪些类型的评估能够捕捉相关的社会和环境特征之前，开发干预措施以解决这一问题的最终目标是无法实现的。目前的探索性/发展性研究将解决这些重要问题，并启动一个研究项目，开发和实施针对普通人群睡眠不足的成功干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep duration represents a biological imperative that is influenced by an interaction of social, behavioral and environmental factors. Behavioral factors include habitual sleep timing as well as other socially-influenced behaviors that engage physiological processes promoting or impairing sleep. Factors in the social environment include the home, work and other social influences on an individual's sleep schedule that may or may not be line with normal biological imperatives, as well as aspects of the physical environment that may interfere with sleep. Very little research has explored the impact of health behaviors (diet, physical activity, and substance use), social factors (family status, social functioning, isolation, and stress), or the physical environment (neighborhood and sleeping environment) as pathways to reduced sleep time. In addition, studies that have examined these factors typically explored sleep using broad survey items, rather than validated methods. Accordingly, a 2-Phase protocol will be deployed to address these issues. Phase 1 involves an online survey of n=1000 adults, using validated measures to assess sleep in the context of general health (obesity, functioning and mood), healthy behaviors (diet, physical activity, and substance use) and social factors (work and home social and social demands, functioning, isolation). These individual-level data will be merged with data neighborhood-level obtained through existing geospatial databases. This will allow for evaluation of whether individual-level sleep variables are associated with area-level measures (derived using respondents' address) of neighborhood variables, including population density, socioeconomic status, social isolation, traffic, noise, an crime/violence, and whether external sources of information predict sleep duration over and above individual-level measures. Phase 2 will consist of an intensive, prospective analysis of a subgroup of n=90 from the survey sample (n=30 each of <5, 5-6, and 7-8 hours of habitual sleep). This assessment will include objective measures of sleep (wrist actigraphy), health status (e.g., body mass index, blood-based measures), physical activity (hip actigraphy), and the sleeping environment (sensors for light, temperature, and noise). Daily diaries will assess sleep, diet, physical activity, substance use, social interactions, and the sleeping environment. The overall goal of this study is to assess the relative contributions of behavior, social, and factors on sleep of environmental habitual duration, employing multimodal assessments all domains, and leveraging novel approaches, such as geospatial analyses. As insufficient sleep duration is an important public health problem, the eventual goal of developing interventions to address this problem cannot be reached until we better understand (1) which factors need to be part of an intervention, (2) where interventions should be targeted, and (3) what types of assessments capture the relevant social and environmental features. The present exploratory/developmental research study will address these important issues and initiate a program of research developing and implementing successful interventions for insufficient sleep in the general population.