Sleep and Health in the Social Environment

描述(申请人提供)：睡眠时间代表了一种生物学要求，它受到社会、行为和环境因素相互作用的影响。行为因素包括习惯性睡眠时间以及其他社会影响的行为，这些行为涉及促进或损害睡眠的生理过程。社会环境中的因素包括家庭、工作和其他对个人睡眠时间表的社会影响，这些影响可能符合也可能不符合正常的生物要求，以及可能干扰睡眠的物理环境方面。很少有研究探索健康行为(饮食、体育活动和药物使用)、社会因素(家庭状况、社会功能、隔离和压力)或物理环境(邻居和睡眠环境)作为减少睡眠时间的途径的影响。此外，检查了这些因素的研究通常使用广泛的调查项目来探索睡眠，而不是经过验证的方法。因此，将部署一个两阶段协议来解决这些问题。第一阶段涉及对n=1000名成年人的在线调查，使用经过验证的方法在一般健康(肥胖、功能和情绪)、健康行为(饮食、体力活动和药物使用)和社会因素(工作和家庭社会和社会需求、功能、隔离)的背景下评估睡眠。这些个人级别的数据将与通过现有地理空间数据库获得的邻域级别的数据合并。这将有助于评估个人水平的睡眠变量是否与邻里变量的地区水平测量(使用受访者的地址得出)相关联，包括人口密度、社会经济状况、社会隔离、交通、噪音、犯罪/暴力，以及外部信息来源是否预测睡眠时间超过个人水平的测量。第二阶段将包括对调查样本中的90个子组(习惯性睡眠5小时、5-6小时和7-8小时各30人)进行密集的前瞻性分析。这项评估将包括睡眠(腕部活动记录仪)、健康状况(例如，身体质量指数、血液测量)、体力活动(臀部活动记录仪)和睡眠环境(光、温度和噪音传感器)的客观测量。日常日记将评估睡眠、饮食、体力活动、物质使用、社交和睡眠环境。这项研究的总体目标是评估行为、社会和因素对环境习惯持续时间的相对贡献，在所有领域采用多模式评估，并利用新的方法，如地理空间分析。由于睡眠时间不足是一个重要的公共健康问题，在我们更好地了解(1)哪些因素需要成为干预措施的一部分，(2)干预措施应该针对哪些因素，以及(3)哪些类型的评估能够反映相关的社会和环境特征之前，无法实现开发干预措施来解决这一问题的最终目标。目前的探索性/发展性研究将解决这些重要问题，并启动一项研究计划，开发和实施成功的干预措施，以解决普通人群的睡眠不足问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep duration represents a biological imperative that is influenced by an interaction of social, behavioral and environmental factors. Behavioral factors include habitual sleep timing as well as other socially-influenced behaviors that engage physiological processes promoting or impairing sleep. Factors in the social environment include the home, work and other social influences on an individual's sleep schedule that may or may not be line with normal biological imperatives, as well as aspects of the physical environment that may interfere with sleep. Very little research has explored the impact of health behaviors (diet, physical activity, and substance use), social factors (family status, social functioning, isolation, and stress), or the physical environment (neighborhood and sleeping environment) as pathways to reduced sleep time. In addition, studies that have examined these factors typically explored sleep using broad survey items, rather than validated methods. Accordingly, a 2-Phase protocol will be deployed to address these issues. Phase 1 involves an online survey of n=1000 adults, using validated measures to assess sleep in the context of general health (obesity, functioning and mood), healthy behaviors (diet, physical activity, and substance use) and social factors (work and home social and social demands, functioning, isolation). These individual-level data will be merged with data neighborhood-level obtained through existing geospatial databases. This will allow for evaluation of whether individual-level sleep variables are associated with area-level measures (derived using respondents' address) of neighborhood variables, including population density, socioeconomic status, social isolation, traffic, noise, an crime/violence, and whether external sources of information predict sleep duration over and above individual-level measures. Phase 2 will consist of an intensive, prospective analysis of a subgroup of n=90 from the survey sample (n=30 each of <5, 5-6, and 7-8 hours of habitual sleep). This assessment will include objective measures of sleep (wrist actigraphy), health status (e.g., body mass index, blood-based measures), physical activity (hip actigraphy), and the sleeping environment (sensors for light, temperature, and noise). Daily diaries will assess sleep, diet, physical activity, substance use, social interactions, and the sleeping environment. The overall goal of this study is to assess the relative contributions of behavior, social, and factors on sleep of environmental habitual duration, employing multimodal assessments all domains, and leveraging novel approaches, such as geospatial analyses. As insufficient sleep duration is an important public health problem, the eventual goal of developing interventions to address this problem cannot be reached until we better understand (1) which factors need to be part of an intervention, (2) where interventions should be targeted, and (3) what types of assessments capture the relevant social and environmental features. The present exploratory/developmental research study will address these important issues and initiate a program of research developing and implementing successful interventions for insufficient sleep in the general population.