Detection of NSCLC-derived mutant RNA in platelets

描述（由申请人提供）：非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）约占所有肺癌的87%，是男性和女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因，总体5年生存率为10-15%。提高非小细胞肺癌患者生存率的努力目前集中在针对肺癌生长和恶性进展的关键信号通路的新靶向治疗的开发上。这种方法的一个成功的例子是针对非小细胞肺癌的表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的治疗的发展。EGFR激活突变患者（约占NSCLC的10%-15%）从EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗中获得巨大益处，被认为代表了大多数从EGFR定向治疗中受益的患者。含有外显子19 EGFR突变的肿瘤患者在治疗后的生存时间更长。这些靶向治疗的主要障碍之一是获得易于获得的用于诊断分析的高质量核酸。最近，我们的合作者表明，血小板可以作为高质量肿瘤衍生（突变）rna的新来源。这一有趣的发现满足了当前诊断的要求，因为该方法简单，无创，适合检测各种癌症类型的肿瘤源性rna。在这项研究中，我们将探索血小板作为检测非小细胞肺癌预测性/反应性生物标志物的来源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for about 87% of all lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death for men and women with an overall 5 year survival rate of 10-15%. Efforts to improve the survival of NSCLC patients are currently focused on the development of new target-based therapies directed against key signaling pathways involved in lung cancer growth and malignant progression. A successful example of this approach has been the development of therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC. Patients with EGFR activating mutations (which account for about 10%-15% of NSCLC) receive tremendous benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and are thought to represent the majority of patients who benefit from EGFR-directed therapies. Patients with tumors containing Exon 19 EGFR mutations have longer survival time following treatment. One of the main barriers to these targeted therapies is obtaining easily accessible high-quality nucleic acids for diagnostic analysis. Recently, our collaborator showed that thrombocytes (platelets) can be used as a novel source of high-quality tumor-derived (mutant) RNAs. This intriguing finding meets current requirements for diagnostics since the method is easy, non-invasive and suitable for detecting tumor-derived RNAs in various cancer types. In this study, we will explore blood platelets as a source for detection of NSCLC predictive/responsive biomarkers.