The Role of Contingency Management in Waterpipe Smoking Cessation

项目总结/摘要 在美国，吸烟每年导致50多万人死亡。虽然使用 香烟的使用量下降，其他烟草产品的使用量保持稳定。水管 在美国吸烟是继香烟之后的一种常见的吸烟形式（阿基等人，二〇一一年; Primack等人，2008年）。事实上，2007年美国肺脏协会发布了一项政策警报， 警告消费者注意这一世纪的第一个新烟草趋势（美国肺 协会，2007年）。很少有研究对水烟进行调查， 有害影响。此外，没有已知的研究评估吸烟的治疗方法。 戒烟水烟斗吸烟者。该项目包括两个部分：1）职业发展和培训 公共卫生护士科学家建立必要的研究技能和背景， 围绕水烟预防进行创新和严格的研究，2） 模拟研究，测试应急管理（CM）在促进禁欲方面的作用 通过唾液可替宁验证水烟5周并描述自我报告的特征 尼古丁戒断症状基于在短时间内惊人的增长率， 水烟吸烟，迫切需要进行临床研究，以探讨治疗方法 针对水烟筒吸烟者的戒烟模式。鉴于证据表明 CM在促进多种类型药物使用的戒断中的作用，CM用于 水烟筒戒烟是重要和及时的（Higgins等人，1996; Roll等人，二○年; Shoptaw等人，2002年）。虽然尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）是主要的治疗方法， 为了治疗通过香烟递送的尼古丁依赖， 特征水烟表明，CM可能更有效地促进水烟 戒烟（瓦格纳，2000）。最终，这一系列的研究将有助于公众健康 护士通过创新的治疗方法来改善公众的健康， 是实现烟草目标的重要和及时的一步 健康人2020为此，本研究中产生的基于证据的知识 可以协助将治疗方案转化为公共卫生实践。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Tobacco use kills more than 500,000 people in the United States each year. Although the use of cigarettes has declined, the use of other tobacco products has remained steady. Waterpipe smoking is a common form of tobacco smoking after cigarettes in the U.S. (Aki et al., 2011; Primack et al., 2008). In fact, in 2007 the American Lung Association issued a policy alert to warn consumers about this first new tobacco trend of the 21st century (American Lung Association, 2007). Few studies have been conducted on waterpipe smoking to investigate its harmful effects. Furthermore, no known studies have evaluated treatments for smoking cessation in waterpipe smokers. This project has two parts: 1) career development and training of a public health nurse scientist to build the research skills and background necessary to conduct innovative and rigorous research around waterpipe smoking prevention and 2) an analog study to test the role of contingency management (CM) in promoting abstinence from waterpipe smoking for 5 weeks verified by salivary cotinine and to characterize self-reported nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Based on the alarming growth rate over a short period of time in waterpipe tobacco smoking, there is a critical need for clinical research to investigate treatment modalities targeting smoking cessation for waterpipe smokers. Given the evidence for the role of CM in promoting abstinence from many types of drug use, investigation of the utility of CM for waterpipe smoking cessation is important and timely (Higgins et al., 1996; Roll et al., 2000; Shoptaw et al., 2002). Although Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is the mainstay treatment for treating nicotine dependence delivered through cigarettes, the intermittent use patterns that characterize waterpipe smoking suggest that CM may be more effective in promoting waterpipe smoking cessation (Wagner, 2000). Ultimately, this line of research will help public health nurses to improve the health of the public through an innovative approach to treatment of waterpipe smoking and is an important and timely step towards meeting the tobacco objective for Healthy People 2020. To this end, the evidence based knowledge generated in this study may assist in the translation of the treatment program into public health practice.