Communication in Infants and Social Screener : The CISS

描述(由申请人提供)：有效的早期干预取决于尽快可靠地筛查沟通障碍的风险。已确定的婴儿沟通风险因素包括注意力不集中、手势、社交联系、探索性游戏和言语。虽然这些危险因素可以在12-18个月内被检测到。并可靠地预测以后的语言和社交障碍，试图在2-1个月的婴儿中检测类似的危险因素。由于可用筛查器仅包括2-3项事前沟通(即反应性或主动性的婴儿沟通行为，而不是针对听者)的限制，这些项目都不成功。目前还没有可用的筛查器来提供有关故意沟通的正常和敏感数据，并反映出基于证据的预测指标，这些预测指标可以在12个月之前区分有沟通障碍风险的婴儿。当从业者无法检测到已知与沟通风险有关的婴儿行为时，他们就不能针对最有需求和改进潜力的儿童进行早期干预。如果我们能够足够早地识别沟通风险，我们就可以干预预测沟通障碍的技能，减轻儿童原发障碍的影响，并减少影响沟通和其他生活技能的继发性障碍的可能性。该项目的计划是开发一种预测性的、灵敏的、不依赖于模式的筛查方法，以检测2-12个月的预想婴儿的沟通风险。(婴儿和社交筛选器中的交流，或称CI)。首席调查员的初步研究表明，一组简短的定性判断可以可靠地区分2-12个月的婴儿。典型发育(TD)来自那些后来表现出沟通障碍的人。对婴儿沟通障碍的简单定性判断来自于PI对预想婴儿沟通的综合评估，婴儿社交和沟通行为量表，并对应于主要幼儿沟通评估的行为分类，沟通和符号行为发展量表-婴儿蹒跚学步儿童检查表(CSBS DP-ITC)；Wetherby和Prizant，2002)。对沟通风险进行敏感和具体的筛查，可以证明言语语言病理学家对婴儿和有复杂沟通需求的年龄较大的儿童的早期参与是合理的。我们将修订Pilot CI，以检测2-12个月婴儿的沟通危险因素。为了实现这些特定的目标：使用视频数据库识别有沟通障碍风险的有意婴儿和有沟通障碍风险的有意婴儿，对有和没有已知残疾的有意婴儿的回顾视频数据进行评分，并在2-12个月测试130个TD或高危有意婴儿的新样本。开发CIS集群和一种复合体，以敏感性和特异性区分现有婴儿样本中的高危残疾状况。 采用探索性因素分析和聚类分析等相关分析方法，对TD和高危婴幼儿的初发样本和录像样本进行CSIS聚类分析和综合得分的信度和效度检验。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Effective early intervention depends on reliable screening of risk for communication impairments as soon as possible. Established infant communication risk factors include poor attention, gestures, social connectedness, exploratory play, and speech. Although these risk factors can be detected by 12-18 mos. and reliably predict later language and social disorders, attempts to detect similar risk factors in infants 2-1 mos. have been unsuccessful because of limitations in available screeners that include only 2-3 items for preintentional communication (i.e., reactive or active infant communication behaviors not directed toward listeners). There are no available screeners that provide normed and sensitive data on preintentional communication and reflect evidence-based predictors that discriminate infants at risk for communication impairments before 12 mos. When practitioners cannot detect infant behaviors known to be associated with communication risk, they cannot target early intervention to children with the greatest needs and potential for improvement. If we can identify communication risk early enough, we can intervene in skills that predict communication impairments, mitigate effects of primary impairments in children, and reduce potential for secondary impairments that affect communication and other life skills. The plan for this project is to develop a predictive, sensitive, modality- independent screener to detect communication risk in preintentional infants 2-12 mos. (Communication in Infants and Social Screener, or CISS). Pilot research by the Principal Investigator showed that a short set of qualitative judgments could reliably discriminate infants age 2-12 mos. with typical development (TD) from those who later showed communication impairment. The easy qualitative judgments on the CISS have been derived from the PI's comprehensive assessment of preintentional infant communication, the Infant Social and Communication Behavior Scales, and correspond to behavior clusters for the leading toddler communication assessment, the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Development Profile - Infant Toddler Checklist (CSBS DP-ITC); Wetherby & Prizant, 2002). A sensitive and specific screener for communication risk could justify the early involvement of speech-language pathologists for infants as well as for older children with complex communication needs. We will revise the pilot CISS to detect communication risk factors in infants 2- 12 mos. with and without known disabilities, score retrospective video data from preintentional infants with and without known disabilities, and test new samples of 130 TD or at-risk preintentional infants at 2-12 mos., to achieve these specific aims: Identify CISS domains that discriminate preintentional infants at risk for communication disabilities from TD infants using video databases. Develop CISS clusters and a composite that discriminate at-risk disability status in existing infant samples with sensitivity and specificity. Establish reliability and validity of CISS cluster and composite scores in new as well as videotaped samples of TD and at-risk infants using correlational analyses, including exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis.