Communication in Infants and Social Screener : The CISS

描述（由申请人提供）：有效的早期干预取决于尽快对沟通障碍风险进行可靠的筛查。已确定的婴儿沟通风险因素包括注意力不集中、手势、社会联系、探索性游戏和言语。尽管这些危险因素可以在12-18个月内检测到。并可靠地预测以后的语言和社会障碍，试图在婴儿2-1个月内检测类似的危险因素。由于可用筛选器中仅包括2-3个用于预先意图通信的项目的限制（即，反应或主动的婴儿沟通行为不针对听众）。没有可用的筛选器，提供规范的和敏感的数据，前故意的沟通，并反映基于证据的预测因素，区分婴儿在12个月前的沟通障碍的风险。当从业者不能发现婴儿的行为已知与沟通风险，他们不能有针对性的早期干预，以儿童最大的需求和改善的潜力。如果我们能够及早识别沟通风险，我们就可以干预预测沟通障碍的技能，减轻儿童原发性障碍的影响，并减少影响沟通和其他生活技能的继发性障碍的可能性。本研究计划开发一种预测性、敏感性、独立于模态的筛选器，用于检测2-12个月有意向婴儿的沟通风险。（婴儿沟通和社会筛选，或CISS）。主要研究者的初步研究表明，一套简短的定性判断可以可靠地区分2-12个月的婴儿。与那些后来表现出沟通障碍的人相比，具有典型的发展（TD）。对CISS的简单定性判断来自PI对婴儿意向前沟通的综合评估，婴儿社会和沟通行为量表，并对应于主要幼儿沟通评估的行为簇，沟通和象征行为量表发展概况-婴儿幼儿检查表（CSBS DP-ITC）; Wetherby & Prizant，2002）。一个敏感和具体的沟通风险筛选可以证明早期参与的语言病理学家的婴儿以及复杂的沟通需求的年龄较大的儿童。我们将修订试点CISS，以检测婴儿2- 12个月的沟通危险因素。有和没有已知的残疾，评分回顾性视频数据，从有和没有已知的残疾，并测试新的样本130 TD或有风险的意向婴儿在2-12个月，实现这些具体目标：识别CISS域，区分有沟通障碍风险的先天性婴儿从TD婴儿使用视频数据库。开发CISS集群和复合材料，以灵敏度和特异性区分现有婴儿样本中的高危残疾状态。 使用相关分析，包括探索性因素分析和聚类分析，在TD和高危婴儿的新样本和录像样本中建立CISS聚类和综合评分的信度和效度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Effective early intervention depends on reliable screening of risk for communication impairments as soon as possible. Established infant communication risk factors include poor attention, gestures, social connectedness, exploratory play, and speech. Although these risk factors can be detected by 12-18 mos. and reliably predict later language and social disorders, attempts to detect similar risk factors in infants 2-1 mos. have been unsuccessful because of limitations in available screeners that include only 2-3 items for preintentional communication (i.e., reactive or active infant communication behaviors not directed toward listeners). There are no available screeners that provide normed and sensitive data on preintentional communication and reflect evidence-based predictors that discriminate infants at risk for communication impairments before 12 mos. When practitioners cannot detect infant behaviors known to be associated with communication risk, they cannot target early intervention to children with the greatest needs and potential for improvement. If we can identify communication risk early enough, we can intervene in skills that predict communication impairments, mitigate effects of primary impairments in children, and reduce potential for secondary impairments that affect communication and other life skills. The plan for this project is to develop a predictive, sensitive, modality- independent screener to detect communication risk in preintentional infants 2-12 mos. (Communication in Infants and Social Screener, or CISS). Pilot research by the Principal Investigator showed that a short set of qualitative judgments could reliably discriminate infants age 2-12 mos. with typical development (TD) from those who later showed communication impairment. The easy qualitative judgments on the CISS have been derived from the PI's comprehensive assessment of preintentional infant communication, the Infant Social and Communication Behavior Scales, and correspond to behavior clusters for the leading toddler communication assessment, the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Development Profile - Infant Toddler Checklist (CSBS DP-ITC); Wetherby & Prizant, 2002). A sensitive and specific screener for communication risk could justify the early involvement of speech-language pathologists for infants as well as for older children with complex communication needs. We will revise the pilot CISS to detect communication risk factors in infants 2- 12 mos. with and without known disabilities, score retrospective video data from preintentional infants with and without known disabilities, and test new samples of 130 TD or at-risk preintentional infants at 2-12 mos., to achieve these specific aims: Identify CISS domains that discriminate preintentional infants at risk for communication disabilities from TD infants using video databases. Develop CISS clusters and a composite that discriminate at-risk disability status in existing infant samples with sensitivity and specificity. Establish reliability and validity of CISS cluster and composite scores in new as well as videotaped samples of TD and at-risk infants using correlational analyses, including exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis.