Infant Assessment of Early Communication Risk Factors : The ISCBS (formerly ECBS)

描述(由申请人提供)：有效的早期干预取决于尽快可靠地识别沟通障碍的风险。已确定的婴儿沟通障碍的危险因素包括糟糕的话轮转换、手势、接受性语言、评论、象征性游戏和言语。虽然这些危险因素可以在12-18个月内被检测到。并可靠地预测未来的语言和社会发展，试图在2-12个月的儿童中检测类似的危险因素。由于现有评估非常有限，通常只包括4-6个项目来描述这些婴儿的故意交流(即反应性或主动性的婴儿交流行为，而不是针对听者)，这些评估都是不成功的。目前还没有现成的规范评估来提供关于婴儿故意沟通的全面和动态数据，并反映出基于证据的预测因素，这些预测因素可以区分12个月前有沟通障碍风险的婴儿。当从业者无法检测到已知与沟通风险有关的婴儿行为时，他们就不能针对最有需求和改进潜力的儿童进行早期干预。如果我们能够足够早地识别沟通风险，我们就可以对预测未来沟通障碍的技能进行干预，潜在地减轻儿童原发障碍的影响，降低影响沟通和其他生活技能的继发性障碍的可能性。该项目的计划是完善并完成标准化，以进行预测性的、全面的、独立于通道的评估，以检测2-12个月有预想的婴儿的沟通风险(婴儿社交行为量表，简称ISCBS)。本研究小组的第一阶段研究表明，一个短的探查可以可靠地引发婴儿2-12个月大的事前沟通行为，这些行为代表了12个沟通风险的预测因素。这12个预测因子可以可靠和有效地评分，并被分成6个领域，对应于6个行为簇，用于领先的幼儿动态沟通评估，即沟通和符号行为量表(CSBS；Wetherby&Prizant，1993)。对沟通风险的明确预测可以证明言语语言病理学家对婴儿以及有复杂沟通需求的年龄较大的儿童的早期参与是合理的。我们将根据第一阶段的结果对ISCBS进行最终修订，并创建具有全国代表性的常模，对220名2-12个月典型发育婴儿的新样本进行ISCBS，并对这些婴儿和之前30-36个月的134名婴儿进行随访评估。为了达到这些具体目标：完善ISCBS及相关的培训材料，以提高管理和评分的简易性；确认ISCBS的条目、量表、领域和综合领域，说明ISCBS婴儿样本中按年龄和高危残疾状况进行区分的领域；以及利用相关分析，包括验证性因素分析，建立ISCBS在全国具有代表性的婴儿样本中的量表、领域和综合分数的信度、效度和基于年龄的常模。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Effective early intervention depends on reliable identification of risk for communication impairments as soon as possible. Established infant risk factors for communication impairments include poor turn taking, gestures, receptive language, commenting, symbolic play, and speech. Although these risk factors can be detected by 12-18 mos. and reliably predict later language and social development, attempts to detect similar risk factors in children 2-12 mos. have been unsuccessful because of extreme limitations in available assessments that typically include only 4-6 items for these infants' preintentional communication (i.e., reactive or active infant communication behaviors that are not directed toward listeners). There are no available normed assessments that provide comprehensive and dynamic data on infant preintentional communication and reflect evidence-based predictors that discriminate infants at risk for communication impairments before 12 months. When practitioners cannot detect infant behaviors known to be associated with communication risk, they cannot target early intervention to children with the greatest needs and potential for improvement. If we can identify communication risk early enough, we can intervene in the skills that predict later communication impairments and potentially mitigate effects of primary impairments in children and reduce the likelihood of secondary impairments that affect communication and other life skills. The plan for this project is to refine and complete norming for a predictive, comprehensive, modality-independent assessment to detect communication risk in preintentional infants 2-12 months (the Infant Social Communication Behavior Scales, or ISCBS). Phase I research by the present grant team showed that a short probe could reliably elicit preintentional communication behaviors from infant's age 2-12 months that represent 12 predictors of communication risk. These 12 predictors can be reliably and validly scored and grouped into 6 domains that correspond to 6 behavior clusters for the leading dynamic communication assessment for toddlers, the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS; Wetherby & Prizant, 1993). A clear prediction of communication risk could justify the early involvement of speech-language pathologists for infants as well as for older children who have complex communication needs. We will do final revisions of the ISCBS based on Phase I results and create nationally representative norms by administering the ISCBS to 220 new samples of typically developing infants 2-12 mos., and conducting follow-up assessments with these infants and a previous cohort of 134 infants at 30-36 mos. for a total normative sample of 354 children, to achieve these specific aims: refine the ISCBS, and associated training materials to improve ease of administration and scoring, confirm ISCBS items, scales, domains, and composite that account for domains that discriminate by age and at-risk disability status at three years from ISCBS infant samples, and establish the reliability, validity and age-based norms of the scales, domains, and composite scores for the ISCBS in nationally representative samples of typically developing infants using correlational analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis.