Infant Assessment of Early Communication Risk Factors : The ISCBS (formerly ECBS)

描述（由申请人提供）：有效的早期干预取决于尽快可靠地识别沟通障碍的风险。已确定的婴儿沟通障碍的风险因素包括不良的轮流，手势，接受性语言，评论，象征性游戏和言语。尽管这些危险因素可以在12-18个月内检测到。并可靠地预测以后的语言和社会发展，试图在2-12个月的儿童中检测类似的风险因素。由于可用评估的极端局限性（通常仅包括4-6项用于这些婴儿的预先有意交流的项目）而不成功（即，反应性或主动的婴儿沟通行为，不针对听众）。没有可用的规范化评估，提供全面和动态的数据，婴儿前故意的沟通，并反映循证预测因素，区分婴儿在12个月前的沟通障碍的风险。当从业者不能发现婴儿的行为已知与沟通风险，他们不能有针对性的早期干预，以儿童最大的需求和改善的潜力。如果我们能够及早识别沟通风险，我们就可以干预预测后期沟通障碍的技能，并可能减轻儿童原发性障碍的影响，降低影响沟通和其他生活技能的继发性障碍的可能性。该项目的计划是完善和完成规范化的预测性，全面的，独立于模态的评估，以检测2-12个月婴儿的沟通风险（婴儿社会沟通行为量表，或ISCBS）。本研究小组的第一阶段研究表明，一个短探针可以可靠地引出婴儿2-12个月大的前故意沟通行为，这代表了沟通风险的12个预测因素。这12个预测因子可以可靠有效地评分，并分为6个领域，对应于6个行为簇，用于幼儿的领先动态沟通评估，沟通和象征行为量表（CSBS; Wetherby & Prizant，1993）。一个明确的预测的沟通风险可以证明早期参与的语音语言病理学家的婴儿以及年龄较大的儿童谁有复杂的沟通需求。我们将根据第一阶段的结果对ISCBS进行最终修订，并通过对220例2-12个月典型发育婴儿的新样本进行ISCBS管理，并在30-36个月时对这些婴儿和先前的134名婴儿进行随访评估。对于总共354名儿童的标准样本，为了实现这些具体目标：完善ISCBS和相关培训材料，以提高管理和评分的便利性，确认ISCBS项目、量表、领域和复合材料，这些项目、量表、领域和复合材料解释了ISCBS婴儿样本中3岁时按年龄和高危残疾状态区分的领域，并建立量表、领域、和综合得分的ISCBS在全国代表性样本的典型发展的婴儿使用相关分析，包括验证性因素分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Effective early intervention depends on reliable identification of risk for communication impairments as soon as possible. Established infant risk factors for communication impairments include poor turn taking, gestures, receptive language, commenting, symbolic play, and speech. Although these risk factors can be detected by 12-18 mos. and reliably predict later language and social development, attempts to detect similar risk factors in children 2-12 mos. have been unsuccessful because of extreme limitations in available assessments that typically include only 4-6 items for these infants' preintentional communication (i.e., reactive or active infant communication behaviors that are not directed toward listeners). There are no available normed assessments that provide comprehensive and dynamic data on infant preintentional communication and reflect evidence-based predictors that discriminate infants at risk for communication impairments before 12 months. When practitioners cannot detect infant behaviors known to be associated with communication risk, they cannot target early intervention to children with the greatest needs and potential for improvement. If we can identify communication risk early enough, we can intervene in the skills that predict later communication impairments and potentially mitigate effects of primary impairments in children and reduce the likelihood of secondary impairments that affect communication and other life skills. The plan for this project is to refine and complete norming for a predictive, comprehensive, modality-independent assessment to detect communication risk in preintentional infants 2-12 months (the Infant Social Communication Behavior Scales, or ISCBS). Phase I research by the present grant team showed that a short probe could reliably elicit preintentional communication behaviors from infant's age 2-12 months that represent 12 predictors of communication risk. These 12 predictors can be reliably and validly scored and grouped into 6 domains that correspond to 6 behavior clusters for the leading dynamic communication assessment for toddlers, the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS; Wetherby & Prizant, 1993). A clear prediction of communication risk could justify the early involvement of speech-language pathologists for infants as well as for older children who have complex communication needs. We will do final revisions of the ISCBS based on Phase I results and create nationally representative norms by administering the ISCBS to 220 new samples of typically developing infants 2-12 mos., and conducting follow-up assessments with these infants and a previous cohort of 134 infants at 30-36 mos. for a total normative sample of 354 children, to achieve these specific aims: refine the ISCBS, and associated training materials to improve ease of administration and scoring, confirm ISCBS items, scales, domains, and composite that account for domains that discriminate by age and at-risk disability status at three years from ISCBS infant samples, and establish the reliability, validity and age-based norms of the scales, domains, and composite scores for the ISCBS in nationally representative samples of typically developing infants using correlational analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis.