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Eye-gaze shift as a measure of sign language processing in young deaf children

目光转移作为聋哑儿童手语处理的衡量标准

基本信息

批准号：
8517641
负责人：
Amy Michelle Lieberman
金额：
$ 14.73万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-09-21 至 2015-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8517641
关键词：
5 year old Adult Affect Age Birth Child Communication Comprehension Data Development Early Intervention Early identification Education Environment Exposure to Eye Goals Hearing Hearing Impaired Persons Individual Infant Knowledge Label Language Language Development Learning Length Light Linguistics Measures Modality Names Outcome Parents Pattern Performance Population Procedures Process Process Measure Questionnaires Reaction Time Regression Analysis Relative (related person)Resolution Risk Sampling Sign Language Signal Transduction Speech Speed Testing Time Variant Videotape Vocabulary Work age effect base critical period deprivation disability experience gaze infancy insight language processing lexical processing literacy native American sign language novel processing speed research study response skills visual process visual processing

项目摘要

Project Summary Deaf individuals represent a unique linguistic population in that there is wide variation in when they are first exposed to language. Although it is well established that deaf children without access to language from an early age are at-risk for delays in language, literacy, and other academic outcomes, as yet there is very little known about how sign language is processed in deaf individuals, and how processing ability may affect vocabulary and other linguistic skills. This is particularly important in light of the fact that over 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents, and thus their early linguistic environment is highly atypical and frequently impoverished. The proposed study will investigate sign language processing through development of a novel paradigm. The paradigm is an adaptation of the "looking-while-listening" (LWL) paradigm that has been used with hearing subjects from infants to adults. The LWL paradigm yields time- course measures of children's responses at higher temporal resolution than is common in other widely used experimental tasks. Children look at pairs of pictures while listening to speech naming one of the pictures, and gaze patterns are videotaped and analyzed in relation to the concurrent speech signal. In addition to measures of accuracy, the LWL procedure yields precise measures of the speed, or reaction time (RT) with which subjects initiate a shift in gaze to the target picture relative to the onset of the target word. Despite the established validity of this paradigm and significant gains in understanding it has provided, to date there has been no attempt to assess parallel developments in sign language processing. In the proposed study, this paradigm will be adapted for use with American Sign Language (ASL). Thus instead of an audio speech signal, subjects will see a signed signal labeling one of the pictures. Gaze shifts will then be used to obtain measures of processing efficiency in deaf individuals using ASL. The goal of this project is to obtain data on real-time processing of sign language by deaf children and adults, a measure that cannot be obtained using current experimental paradigms. Specifically, the objectives of the study are: 1) to investigate real-time processing of ASL by deaf adults and children who have been exposed to language from birth (i.e. from deaf parents), comprising typical development; 2) to reveal possible differences in processing in adults and children who acquire ASL at later ages (i.e., from hearing parents); and 3) to determine the relationship between processing efficiency and ASL skill. This novel paradigm will begin to fill a critical gap in knowledge about how ASL is processed by both typical and atypical language learners. Understanding how sign language is processed in these populations will reveal important insights about critical period phenomena, processing of visual language, and relationships between language processing ability and vocabulary development.

项目摘要聋人代表了一个独特的语言群体，因为当他们第一次接触语言。虽然众所周知，无法从语言环境中获得语言的聋哑儿童早期的年龄是在语言，识字和其他学术成果延迟的风险，但很少有了解聋人如何处理手语，以及处理能力如何影响词汇和其他语言技能。这一点尤其重要，因为90%以上的聋人孩子出生于听力正常的父母，因此他们的早期语言环境是非常不典型的，经常贫困。这项拟议中的研究将调查手语处理，一个新的范式的发展。该范式是对“边看边听”（LWL）的改编这是一个已被用于从婴儿到成人的听力受试者的范例。LWL范式产生时间- 课程措施的儿童的反应在更高的时间分辨率比其他普遍使用实验任务。孩子们一边看成对的图片，一边听语音说出其中一张图片的名字，并且注视模式被录像并相对于并发语音信号进行分析。除了为了测量准确性，LWL程序可以精确测量速度或反应时间（RT），该对象相对于目标词的开始将目光转移到目标图片。尽管这一范式的既定有效性以及迄今为止在理解方面取得的重大进展，并没有试图评估手语处理的平行发展。在拟议的研究中，该范例将适于与美国手语（ASL）一起使用。因此，代替音频语音信号，受试者将看到标记其中一个图片的带符号信号。然后，将使用视线转移来使用ASL测量聋人的加工效率。该项目的目标是获得聋哑儿童和成年人实时处理手语的数据，这是一项无法衡量的指标，使用当前的实验范式获得。具体而言，研究的目标是：1）研究接触过语言的聋人和儿童对美国手语的实时处理从出生（即从聋人父母），包括典型的发展; 2）揭示可能的差异，在成年人和在较晚年龄获得ASL的儿童中的加工（即，（三）听父母的话;（四）确定加工效率与美国手语技能之间的关系。这个新的范例将开始填补典型和非典型语言学习者对美国手语的理解存在严重差距。了解手语在这些人群中是如何处理的，将揭示有关以下方面的重要见解：关键期现象，视觉语言的加工，以及语言加工之间的关系能力和词汇发展。