Velopharyngeal Function During Oral Sound Production in Healthy Children

健康儿童口腔发声过程中的腭咽功能

• 批准号: 8447028
• 负责人: Jeannette D. Hoit
• 金额: $ 29.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8447028
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; Age-Months; Air Pressure; Back; Books; Child; Child Development; Clinical Management; Development; Disease; Documentation; Early treatment; Exhibits; Facial Expression; Impairment; Infant; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Learning; Left; Linguistics; Measures; Monitor; Motor; Motor Skills; Nose; Oral; Oral cavity; Pharyngeal structure; Phonetics; Physiological; Production; Risk; Role; Science; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Sound; Structure; Time; Toy; boys; design; girls; pressure; public health relevance; research clinical testing; sound; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The velopharynx is a critical component of the speech production mechanism. When adults speak, the velopharynx is closed most of the time, especially during oral (nonnasal) sound production. In contrast, when very young infants produced sound, the velopharynx is usually open. Surprisingly, the age at which the velopharynx closes consistently for oral sound production is still not known. The study proposed in this application is designed to follow healthy children longitudinally until consistent velopharyngeal closure is observed. It will address the following specific aims: (a) to determine the age at which velopharyngeal closure occurs consistently for oral sound production; and (b) to determine if phonetic, linguistic, and/or motor variables help to explain differences in velopharyngeal function during oral sound production within and among children. The study will include 60 children (equal numbers of boys and girls), beginning at age 4 months, with observations being made monthly until consistent closure is observed for 3 consecutive months. The status of the velopharynx (open vs closed) will be determined using a noninvasive aeromechanical approach (developed in our laboratory) that involves the monitoring of nasal air pressure in relation to the acoustic signal. Vocalizations/speech will be elicited using toys, facial expressions, picture books, imitation, and verbal probes, depending on the age of the child at the time. Measures reflecting the child's phonetic repertoire, expressive and receptive language skills, and motor development will also be obtained during each session, and will be used to help explain any variability not accounted for by age. The results of this study will answer a question that is fundamental to the understanding of normal speech development ("At what age does the velopharynx close consistently for oral sound production?"). By doing so, it will also lay the groundwork for future research on infants who are at risk for impairment of velopharyngeal function, such as those with known or suspected neuromotor disorders, and for eventual application to clinical evaluation and management of such infants.

描述（由申请人提供）：前咽是言语产生机制的关键组成部分。当成年人说话时，前咽大部分时间是关闭的，特别是在口（非鼻）音产生期间。相比之下，当非常年幼的婴儿发出声音时，前咽通常是开放的。令人惊讶的是，长喙龙持续关闭发声的年龄仍然未知。本申请中提出的研究旨在纵向随访健康儿童，直至观察到一致的咽闭合。它将解决以下具体目标：（a）确定年龄时，咽喉闭合发生一致的口音生产;（B）确定语音，语言，和/或运动变量是否有助于解释差异的咽喉功能在口音生产的内部和之间的儿童。本研究将纳入60名儿童（男孩和女孩数量相等），从4个月大开始，每月进行一次观察，直到连续3个月观察到一致的闭合。将使用非侵入性空气力学方法（在我们实验室开发）确定前咽的状态（开放与闭合），该方法涉及监测与声学信号相关的鼻气压。发声/言语将使用玩具，面部表情，图画书，模仿和口头探针，这取决于孩子的年龄。反映孩子的语音库，表达和接受语言技能，和运动发育的措施也将在每个会话期间获得，并将用于帮助解释任何不占年龄的变化。这项研究的结果将回答一个问题，这是基本的理解正常的语言发展（“在什么年龄时，前咽部关闭一致的口腔声音的产生？").通过这样做，它也将为未来对有咽功能障碍风险的婴儿（如已知或疑似神经运动障碍的婴儿）的研究奠定基础，并最终应用于此类婴儿的临床评估和管理。