Project 2

美国印第安人（AI）的吸烟率在美国所有种族中最高（40.8%），其次是非洲裔美国人（24.3%）和白人（23.6%）。此外，AI女性是过去20年吸烟率上升的唯一群体，从34.1%上升到40.9%。AI吸烟者的吸烟率因地区而异，北部平原最高，为44.1%，西南部最低，为21.2%。与其他种族相比，AI吸烟者戒烟也更困难，他们的戒烟比例明显较低，并且在保持长期戒烟方面最不成功。虽然这些健康差异在人工智能人群中已经存在多年，但在这一服务不足的人群中，吸烟和尼古丁依赖的流行病学并没有得到最佳描述。我们之前制定戒烟计划的工作表明，尽管人工智能吸烟的人数非常多，但与大多数文化中的吸烟者相比，他们每天吸烟的数量通常只有一半。我们也观察到一个更年轻的入会年龄。因此，我们现在建议进行正式的调查来理解这些模式。这些与烟草使用、尼古丁依赖和新陈代谢有关的因素可能在AI和美国普通人群之间有所不同，甚至在AI亚群之间也是如此。这些可能的差异以前没有被调查过，如果我们要在为这一人群制定与文化相关的吸烟预防和戒烟策略方面取得重大进展，就必须研究这些差异。我们的首要主题假设是，人工智能对吸烟和尼古丁依赖的易感性及其后果也与潜在的尼古丁代谢成分有关

American Indians (AI) have the highest smoking rates of any ethnic group in the US (40.8%), followed most closely by African Americans (24.3%) and Whites (23.6%). Additionally, AI women are the only group in whom smoking prevalence has increased over the past two decades, from 34.1% to 40.9%. Smoking rates among AI smokers vary by region and are highest in the Northern Plains 44.1%, and lowest in the Southwest 21.2%. AI smokers also have more difficulty quitting smoking compared to other ethnic groups, evidenced by their significantly lower quit ratios and are among the least successful in maintaining long term abstinence. While health disparities like these have existed for years among AI, the epidemiology of smoking and nicotine dependence has not been optimally described among this underserved population. Our prior work developing a smoking cessation program has revealed that although very high numbers of AI smoke, they typically smoke one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with a smoker in the majority culture. We have also observed a younger age of initiation. As such, we now propose a formal investigation to understand these patterns. Such factors relating to tobacco use, nicotine dependence and metabolism maybe different between AI and the general U.S. population, and even among AI subgroups. These possible differences have not been previously investigated and must be studied if we are to make significant inroads in developing culturally relevant smoking prevention and cessation strategies for this population. Our overarching thematic hypothesis is that the susceptibility of AI to cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence and its consequences has both an underlying nicotine metabolism component as well as psychosocial, cultural, and environment causes. We are well-positioned to explore this issue for the first time in this population. Our objective is to establish a cohort of AI tribal college/university students to determine the predictors of smoking initiation (non-use to experimentation) and progression (experimentation to established use).