Project 2

美国印第安人（AI）的吸烟率是美国所有种族中最高的（40.8%），其次是非洲裔美国人（24.3%）和白人（23.6%）。此外，人工智能妇女是唯一一个吸烟率在过去二十年中从34.1%增加到40.9%的群体。AI吸烟者的吸烟率因地区而异，北方平原最高，为44.1%，西南部最低，为21.2%。与其他种族群体相比，AI吸烟者戒烟也更困难，其戒烟率显着降低，并且在保持长期戒烟方面最不成功。虽然这些健康差异在人工智能中存在多年，但吸烟和尼古丁依赖的流行病学在这一服务不足的人群中尚未得到最佳描述。我们之前开发戒烟计划的工作表明，尽管AI吸烟的数量非常高，但与大多数文化中的吸烟者相比，他们每天吸烟的数量通常只有一半。我们还观察到，开始的年龄较低。因此，我们现在提出一个正式的调查，以了解这些模式。这些与烟草使用、尼古丁依赖和代谢有关的因素可能在AI和普通美国人群之间不同，甚至在AI亚组之间也不同。这些可能的差异以前没有调查，必须进行研究，如果我们要取得重大进展，在制定文化相关的吸烟预防和戒烟策略，这一人群。我们的总体主题假设是，AI对吸烟和尼古丁依赖及其后果的易感性也有潜在的尼古丁代谢成分 社会心理、文化和环境因素。我们有充分的条件在这个人群中首次探讨这个问题。我们的目标是建立一个AI部落学院/大学生队列，以确定吸烟开始（不使用实验）和进展（实验到既定使用）的预测因素。

American Indians (AI) have the highest smoking rates of any ethnic group in the US (40.8%), followed most closely by African Americans (24.3%) and Whites (23.6%). Additionally, AI women are the only group in whom smoking prevalence has increased over the past two decades, from 34.1% to 40.9%. Smoking rates among AI smokers vary by region and are highest in the Northern Plains 44.1%, and lowest in the Southwest 21.2%. AI smokers also have more difficulty quitting smoking compared to other ethnic groups, evidenced by their significantly lower quit ratios and are among the least successful in maintaining long term abstinence. While health disparities like these have existed for years among AI, the epidemiology of smoking and nicotine dependence has not been optimally described among this underserved population. Our prior work developing a smoking cessation program has revealed that although very high numbers of AI smoke, they typically smoke one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with a smoker in the majority culture. We have also observed a younger age of initiation. As such, we now propose a formal investigation to understand these patterns. Such factors relating to tobacco use, nicotine dependence and metabolism maybe different between AI and the general U.S. population, and even among AI subgroups. These possible differences have not been previously investigated and must be studied if we are to make significant inroads in developing culturally relevant smoking prevention and cessation strategies for this population. Our overarching thematic hypothesis is that the susceptibility of AI to cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence and its consequences has both an underlying nicotine metabolism component as well as psychosocial, cultural, and environment causes. We are well-positioned to explore this issue for the first time in this population. Our objective is to establish a cohort of AI tribal college/university students to determine the predictors of smoking initiation (non-use to experimentation) and progression (experimentation to established use).