Project 2

美国印第安人(AI)的吸烟率是美国所有种族中最高的(40.8%)，其次是非裔美国人(24.3%)和白人(23.6%)。此外，人工智能女性是过去20年中吸烟流行率上升的唯一群体，从34.1%上升到40.9%。人工智能吸烟者的吸烟率因地区而异，最高的是北部平原44.1%，最低的是西南部21.2%。与其他种族相比，人工智能吸烟者戒烟的难度也更大，戒烟率明显较低，在保持长期戒烟方面是最不成功的群体之一。虽然像这样的健康差距在人工智能中已经存在了多年，但在这一服务不足的人群中，吸烟和尼古丁依赖的流行病学并没有得到最好的描述。我们之前开发的戒烟计划显示，尽管人工智能吸烟的数量非常高，但与大多数文化中的吸烟者相比，他们通常每天吸烟的数量只有吸烟者的一半。我们也观察到更年轻的入门年龄。因此，我们现在提议进行正式调查，以了解这些模式。这些与烟草使用、尼古丁依赖和新陈代谢相关的因素在人工智能和普通美国人之间可能不同，甚至在人工智能亚组之间也可能不同。这些可能的差异以前没有被调查过，如果我们要在为这一人群制定与文化相关的吸烟预防和戒烟策略方面取得重大进展，就必须进行研究。我们的主要主题假设是，人工智能对吸烟和尼古丁依赖的敏感性及其后果也都有潜在的尼古丁代谢成分 作为心理社会、文化和环境的原因。我们处于有利地位，可以在这一人群中首次探索这一问题。我们的目标是建立一个人工智能部落学院/大学学生队列，以确定吸烟开始(不使用到实验)和进展(实验到确定使用)的预测因素。

American Indians (AI) have the highest smoking rates of any ethnic group in the US (40.8%), followed most closely by African Americans (24.3%) and Whites (23.6%). Additionally, AI women are the only group in whom smoking prevalence has increased over the past two decades, from 34.1% to 40.9%. Smoking rates among AI smokers vary by region and are highest in the Northern Plains 44.1%, and lowest in the Southwest 21.2%. AI smokers also have more difficulty quitting smoking compared to other ethnic groups, evidenced by their significantly lower quit ratios and are among the least successful in maintaining long term abstinence. While health disparities like these have existed for years among AI, the epidemiology of smoking and nicotine dependence has not been optimally described among this underserved population. Our prior work developing a smoking cessation program has revealed that although very high numbers of AI smoke, they typically smoke one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with a smoker in the majority culture. We have also observed a younger age of initiation. As such, we now propose a formal investigation to understand these patterns. Such factors relating to tobacco use, nicotine dependence and metabolism maybe different between AI and the general U.S. population, and even among AI subgroups. These possible differences have not been previously investigated and must be studied if we are to make significant inroads in developing culturally relevant smoking prevention and cessation strategies for this population. Our overarching thematic hypothesis is that the susceptibility of AI to cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence and its consequences has both an underlying nicotine metabolism component as well as psychosocial, cultural, and environment causes. We are well-positioned to explore this issue for the first time in this population. Our objective is to establish a cohort of AI tribal college/university students to determine the predictors of smoking initiation (non-use to experimentation) and progression (experimentation to established use).