Neuroplastic potential of exercise in the cranial sensorimotor system

颅感觉运动系统运动的神经可塑性潜力

• 批准号: 8591677
• 负责人: Allison J Schaser
• 金额: $ 3.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8591677
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Stem; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Caring; Cell Nucleus; Cephalic; Clinical; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Development; Disadvantaged; Dysphonia; Exercise; Future; Genetic; Goals; Human; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Larynx; Limb structure; Longevity; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Messenger RNA; Modeling; Molecular; Muscle; Muscle function; Nature; Nerve Growth Factors; Neuraxis; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 2; Pathologist; Patients; Peripheral Nervous System; Physiological; Plastics; Population; Proteins; Protocols documentation; Rattus; Recommendation; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Specificity; Speech; Staining method; Stains; Structure; Synaptic plasticity; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Thyroarytenoid Muscle; TimeLine; Tongue; Training; Up-Regulation; Voice; Voice Disorders; Work; age effect; aging brain; base; behavior measurement; clinical decision-making; follow-up; hypoglossal nucleus; improved; neuromuscular; neuromuscular system; neurotrophic factor; nucleus ambiguus; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sensorimotor system; synaptic function; theories; vocalization; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exercise-based therapies are currently used to treat voice and swallowing disorders without a clear understanding of the mechanisms that alter the cranial neuromuscular system. For instance, it is not known if tongue exercises that target improved swallowing alter neural substrates in targeted structures (tongue) alone or if these exercises also affect other swallow-related (laryngeal) structures (cross-training). It is also unknown if behavioral and neuroplastic changes endure after therapy is discontinued. The recent application of principles of neuroplasticity to rehabilitation has revolutionized how we think about treatment, highlighting the need for change in both behavior and neural substrates for creating lasting benefits. It is difficult, however, to study neural substrates in human patiens while controlling for factors that may influence plasticity such as genetic and environmental differences. The use of a rat model allows these controls. The proposed research aims to further our understanding of the neuroplastic potential of exercise in the cranial sensorimotor system with the ultimate long-term goal of guiding care of individuals with voice and swallowing problems. Neurotrophins are mediators of neuroplasticity. Research from our laboratory has shown that 8 weeks of tongue exercise in adult rats leads to increased tongue forces and neurotrophin up-regulation in the hypoglossal nucleus. However, it is unknown if tongue exercise creates lasting and generalizable therapeutic benefits throughout the cranial sensorimotor system and across the lifespan. It is hypothesized that: 1) tongue exercise will up-regulate neurotrophins in the cranial sensorimotor system across the lifespan with greater effects in lingual versus laryngeal structures, and 2) that exercise effects will diminish when the exercise program is discontinued (detraining). We will test these hypotheses in a rat model by comparing behavioral and molecular neurotrophin parameters in rats of different ages that have undergone a tongue exercise program, a detraining program, or a control condition. The proposed research has 2 specific aims. In young adult and old rats, we will: 1) determine the effect of tongue exercise on neurotrophins and behavioral measures in the cranial sensorimotor system to examine cross-training effects and neuroplastic potential, and 2) examine the enduring effects of exercise by quantifying both neurotrophins and behavioral measures following a 2 or 4 week detraining period. The proposed research is significant because it will examine the cross-training and neuroplastic potential of exercise in the cranial sensorimotor system in both muscle and the central nervous system, along with the enduring effects of exercise (detraining) with the long term goal of using our results to guide current therapy timelines and protocols used in clinical populations with voice and swallowing problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：目前使用基于吞咽的治疗来治疗语音和吞咽障碍，但对改变颅神经肌肉系统的机制没有明确的理解。例如，目前尚不清楚，以改善吞咽为目标的舌头练习是否会单独改变目标结构（舌头）中的神经基质，或者这些练习是否也会影响其他与吞咽相关的（喉部）结构（交叉训练）。也不清楚治疗停止后行为和神经可塑性变化是否持续。最近将神经可塑性原理应用于康复，彻底改变了我们对治疗的看法，突出了改变行为和神经基质以创造持久益处的必要性。然而，很难在控制可能影响可塑性的因素（如遗传和环境差异）的同时研究人类患者的神经基质。大鼠模型的使用允许这些控制。这项拟议的研究旨在进一步了解运动在颅感觉运动系统中的神经可塑性潜力，最终的长期目标是指导有声音和吞咽问题的个人的护理。神经营养因子是神经可塑性的介质。我们实验室的研究表明，成年大鼠8周的舌运动导致舌力增加和舌下神经核中神经营养因子的上调。然而，尚不清楚舌头运动是否在整个颅感觉运动系统和整个生命周期中产生持久和可推广的治疗益处。假设：1）舌头锻炼将在整个生命周期中上调颅感觉运动系统中的神经营养因子，对舌结构的影响大于喉结构，以及2）当舌运动时，锻炼效果将减弱。 停止训练（detraining）。我们将在大鼠模型中测试这些假设，通过比较不同年龄大鼠的行为和分子神经营养因子参数，这些大鼠经历了舌头锻炼计划，停止训练计划或对照条件。 本研究有两个具体目标。在年轻成年和老年大鼠中，我们将：1）确定舌运动对颅感觉运动系统中神经营养因子和行为指标的影响，以检查交叉训练效应和神经可塑性潜力，以及2）通过在2或4周停训期后定量神经营养因子和行为指标来检查运动的持久效应。拟议的研究是重要的，因为它将检查肌肉和中枢神经系统中的颅感觉运动系统中运动的交叉训练和神经可塑性潜力，沿着运动的持久影响（停止训练），长期目标是使用我们的结果来指导当前的治疗时间表和方案用于语音和吞咽问题的临床人群。