Organization and experience-dependence of auditory coding in forebrain

前脑听觉编码的组织和经验依赖性

• 批准号: 8448115
• 负责人: Allison Jane Doupe
• 金额: $ 31.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-25 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8448115
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Birds; Brain; Cells; Code; Communication; Complex; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Dyslexia; Employee Strikes; Fathers; Finches; Foundations; Functional disorder; GABA Agonists; Hearing; Hearing problem; Human; Information Theory; Inherited; Injection of therapeutic agent; Knowledge; Label; Lead; Learning; Left; Life; Mammals; Maps; Memory; Modeling; Molecular; Neurons; Operant Conditioning; Output; Partner in relationship; Perception; Physiological; Population; Process; Property; Prosencephalon; Secondary to; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Solid; Songbirds; Speech; Speech Pathology; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Tracer; Training; Virus; Visual Cortex; arm; auditory feedback; auditory pathway; auditory stimulus; base; detector; disability; experience; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; insight; neurophysiology; novel; receptive field; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; response; sound; specific language impairment; speech processing; treatment strategy; vocalization; zebra finch

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Processing and perception of communication sounds such as speech are enormously important to humans, and hearing is a critical component of both. Yet we know surprisingly little about how the brain transforms auditory signals to accomplish these complex tasks. Our long-term objective is to further the development of a unified framework for understanding high-level auditory processing and how it changes, for good or ill, with experience and learning. To this end, we propose to study a stage in a central auditory circuit where there is a remarkable change from simple, primary-like response properties to complex vocalization-sensitivity, in the auditory forebrain of songbirds. These animals provide an excellent model for extracting general principles of higher-level sound processing, because they learn auditory tasks of similar difficulty to humans, and possess a hierarchical network of auditory areas that sub serve these tasks, including the avian equivalent of primary auditory cortex, field L, and several secondary areas that are the likely equivalent of belt cortex. Moreover, we have access to a rich set of auditory stimuli of behavioral relevance, songs. We recently found that within field L there is a strikingly orderly organization of receptiv fields, along spectral and temporal axes. We will ask whether and how this organization propagates to the next level, by mapping the response selectivity of these secondary areas to batteries of songs, using an information theory-based technique called maximally informative dimensions (MID). We will also record responses to songs learned earlier (from father, mate) to examine the additional hypothesis that sound memories learned early in life have a special representation in such areas. In parallel, we will test the anatomical and physiological contribution of the inputs from field L to these secondary areas, by selectively labeling or turnin off subsets of these inputs. Finally, armed with the knowledge of these circuits' organization, we will ask whether and how their receptive field organization and song representations change after birds learn a behavioral discrimination task that strongly focuses their attention on either spectral or temporal aspects of song, two key parameters mapped in field L, and critical both in normal and impaired auditory processing.

描述（由申请人提供）：诸如语音之类的沟通声音的处理和感知对人类至关重要，听力是两者的关键组成部分。然而，我们对大脑如何转换听觉信号以完成这些复杂的任务知之甚少。我们的长期目标是进一步开发一个统一的框架，以了解高级听觉处理以及它如何通过经验和学习而发生好事或生病。为此，我们建议在中央听觉电路中研究一个阶段，在中央听觉电路中，从简单的，类似的一级响应属性到复杂的声音敏感性，在鸣禽的听觉前脑中存在显着变化。这些动物为提取高级声音处理的一般原理提供了一个绝佳的模型，因为它们学习了与人类类似难度的听觉任务，并且拥有一个层次的听觉领域网络，这些网络均为这些任务，包括相当于鸟类的一级听觉皮层，田间L，以及几个次要区域，以及可能是Belt Corortex等效的次要区域。此外，我们可以访问一首行为相关性的丰富的听觉刺激。我们最近发现，在磁场内，沿光谱和时间轴有一个明显有序的接收场组织。我们将使用一种基于信息理论的技术（MID）的基于信息理论的技术（MID）来绘制这些次要领域对歌曲电池的响应选择性来绘制这些次要领域的响应选择性，并询问该组织是否以及如何传播到一个新的水平。我们还将记录对早期（父亲，伴侣）学到的歌曲的回应，以研究其他假设，即在这一领域中，人生早期学到的声音记忆具有特殊的代表性。同时，我们将通过选择性标记或转换这些输入的子集来测试从场L到这些次要区域的输入的解剖学和生理贡献。最后，借助这些电路的组织的知识，我们将询问他们的接受现场组织和歌曲表示在鸟类学习的行为歧视任务后是否会发生变化，该任务将其注意力集中在歌曲的频谱或时间方面，这是L中的两个关键参数，在正常和受损的听觉处理中都映射了两个关键参数。