权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Emergence of Grammar in a New Sign Language

新手语中语法的出现

基本信息

批准号：
8402857
负责人：
CAROL PADDEN
金额：
$ 34.6万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-01-27 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8402857
关键词：
Age Attention Autistic Disorder Back Bedouin Categories Cereals Cerebral Palsy Child Code Collaborations Communication Communities Complement Complex Computer Simulation Development Documentation Elements Environment Evolution Family Funding Generations Health Hearing Hearing Impaired Persons Household Human Individual Investigation Israel Judgment Laboratories Language Learning Linguistics Maps Measures Methods Modeling Morphology Names Nature Oral Pattern Perception Production Property Psychologist Research Research Personnel Sign Language Signal Transduction Simulate Staging Structure System Testing Time Universities Videotape Vocabulary Work Writing age group aged base cohort density design feeding innovation insight interest intervention program model design natural language next generation novel phonology phrases research study self organization social syntax time use tool transmission process

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our aim is to gain understanding of human language through further investigation of a village sign language, created within the past 75 years with little if any outside influence. When a small group of people grow up together with no direct linguistic input, the language that they create should provide a window into the fundamentals of all human languages. The object of study is Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), named after the community in the south of Israel where the language was created. The language is used by deaf and hearing people, and is the second language of the village after the local dialect of Arabic. The language of the older signers, which serves a wide range of communicative functions, is highly regular in some ways. However, unlike more mature sign languages, it appears to be remarkably spare in grammatical structure, suggesting that functional human language is possible without complex grammar. The language of younger signers shows indications of more complexity and regularity, and it is to this group that we propose to turn our attention. We are particularly interested in the development of the following types of linguistic complexity: syntactic embedding, dual patterning, complex word formation, and prosodic structure. More fundamentally, we are interested in uncovering the mechanisms and social circumstances that permit the development of more complex language from the simple systems found among older signers of ABSL. Using a variety of elicitation tools that we developed for this language and community, we will videotape signers of three generations on tasks designed to produce (a) complex sentences; (b) citation forms of vocabulary items; (c) compound words; and (d) descriptive narratives. Propositional complexity such as embedding is signaled by prosody in ABSL, and we will use a specially created, detailed prosodic coding system to identify the development of complexity across age groups. The requirement for duality of patterning in human language -- a meaningless level of formational elements that combine to form the meaningful words and sentences of language -- has never been challenged before, and we will investigate this issue from three main angles: (1) phonological analysis across generations and in comparison with a mature sign language, (2) a perception experiment designed to tease apart gradient from discrete identification of handshapes, and (3) a laboratory evolution experiment attempting to identify the self-organization of duality from holistic forms through iterated social transmission. A sign language density profile will be recorded for all signers to reveal the amount of sing language interaction in their families and cohorts, as a means of mapping the innovation and spread of linguistic regularity and complexity in the community. We expect this rare opportunity to document a new language and the emergence of conventionalization and complexity to provide a model of the essential elements of language and their organization, forming the basis for any intervention program where normal access to or production of language is hampered.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的目标是通过进一步调查在过去75年中几乎没有任何外部影响的村庄手语来了解人类语言。当一小群人在没有直接语言输入的情况下一起长大时，他们创造的语言应该为所有人类语言的基础提供一个窗口。研究对象是Al-Sayyid贝都因手语（ABSL），以以色列南部创建该语言的社区命名。该语言由聋人和听力正常的人使用，是当地方言阿拉伯语之后的第二语言。老年手语者的语言具有广泛的交际功能，在某些方面具有高度的规则性。然而，与更成熟的手语不同的是，它在语法结构上显得非常稀疏，这表明功能性人类语言是可能没有复杂的语法的。年轻签名者的语言显示出更多的复杂性和规律性，我们建议将注意力转向这一群体。我们特别感兴趣的是以下类型的语言复杂性的发展：句法嵌入，双重模式，复杂的构词法，韵律结构。更重要的是，我们有兴趣揭示的机制和社会环境，允许发展更复杂的语言，从简单的系统中发现的老年人签名的ABSL。使用我们为该语言和社区开发的各种启发工具，我们将对三代签名者进行录像，以完成设计用于产生（a）复杂句子的任务;（B）词汇项的引用形式;（c）复合词;和（d）描述性叙述。在ABSL中，诸如嵌入之类的命题复杂性是由韵律发出信号的，我们将使用一个专门创建的、详细的韵律编码系统来识别不同年龄组的复杂性发展。人类语言中模式化的二元性要求--一种无意义的形成元素水平，它们联合收割机组成语言中有意义的单词和句子--以前从未受到过挑战，我们将从三个主要角度来研究这个问题：（1）跨代语音分析，并与成熟手语进行比较，（2）一个感知实验，旨在梳理从离散识别手形的梯度，（3）实验室进化实验，试图通过迭代的社会传播，从整体形式中识别二元性的自组织。将记录所有手语者的手语密度概况，以揭示其家庭和群体中手语互动的数量，作为绘制社区语言规则性和复杂性的创新和传播的手段。我们期待这一难得的机会来记录一种新的语言，以及惯例化和复杂性的出现，以提供语言及其组织的基本要素的模型，为任何干预计划奠定基础，其中正常的语言获取或生产受到阻碍。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（19）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

New perspectives on duality of patterning: Introduction to the special issue.

DOI：
10.1515/langcog-2012-0014
发表时间：
2012-11
期刊：
Language and cognition
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
de Boer B;Sandler W;Kirby S
通讯作者：
Kirby S

The effect of being human and the basis of grammatical word order: Insights from novel communication systems and young sign languages.

人类的影响和语法词序的基础：来自新颖的通信系统和年轻手语的见解。

DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.011
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
Cognition
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Meir,Irit;Aronoff,Mark;Börstell,Carl;Hwang,So-One;Ilkbasaran,Deniz;Kastner,Itamar;Lepic,Ryan;LifshitzBen-Basat,Adi;Padden,Carol;Sandler,Wendy
通讯作者：
Sandler,Wendy

The evolution of verb classes and verb agreement in sign languages.