Processing AM signals in the auditory system.

在听觉系统中处理 AM 信号。

• 批准号: 8471009
• 负责人: GARY J ROSE
• 金额: $ 29.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8471009
• 关键词: Acoustics; Animal Communication; Attenuated; Auditory; Auditory system; Bicuculline; Brain; Cells; Characteristics; Code; Communication; Communication impairment; Comparative Study; Dependence; Depressed mood; Disease; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Frequencies; GABA Antagonists; Goals; Human; Inferior Colliculus; Investigation; Iontophoresis; Kainic Acid Receptors; Length; Mammals; Mediating; Membrane Potentials; Mental Depression; Methodology; Midbrain structure; N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Pattern; Periodicity; Physiologic pulse; Play; Process; Property; Pulse Rates; Reading; Relative (related person); Reproductive Biology; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Proposals; Role; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Structure; Synapses; Techniques; Time; Training; Work; attenuation; base; cell type; channel blockers; design; in vivo; insight; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; phaclofen; programs; public health relevance; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; speech recognition; time interval; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of this research program are to understand how temporal patterns in communication sounds are represented and processed in the central auditory system. Much of the information in communication signals, including human speech, resides in their temporal structure, and deficits in processing temporal information underlie disorders in speech recognition. An understanding of how the temporal structure of sounds is represented and processed in the nervous system is vital, therefore, to understanding the neural bases of communication and communicative disorders. The research will be conducted on the auditory system of anurans because the temporal structure of their vocalizations has been shown to be important in their reproductive biology, and they are well suited for neurophysiological investigations of the mechanisms that underlie temporal processing. Presently, little is known concerning the neural mechanisms of temporal processing in the auditory system. At a basic level, the temporal structure of sound consists of how its amplitude and frequency changes, i.e., is modulated, over time. The specific goals of this research project are to gain insight into how amplitude modulations, including pulse duration and rise time, are represented in the brain and the mechanisms that underlie transformations in these representations. In a number of vertebrate species, including mammals, there is a transformation from a periodicity coding of the rate of amplitude modulation to an AM filter representation; most neurons in the midbrain respond best over a particular range of AM rate, i.e., are band-pass. The mechanisms underlying this transformation are poorly understood. Previous work suggests that interplay between excitation, inhibition and plasticity underlies the selectivity of midbrain neurons for AM rate, sound duration and possibly rise time. The specific experiments outlined in this research proposal are designed to further elucidate how these synaptic properties are integrated by midbrain neurons to generate selectivity for these temporal features of sounds.

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究计划的长期目标是了解如何在中央听觉系统中代表和处理通信声音中的时间模式。传播信号中的许多信息（包括人言语）都属于其时间结构，以及处理言语识别障碍的时间障碍的缺陷。因此，了解如何在神经系统中代表和处理声音的时间结构，对于理解沟通和沟通障碍的神经碱基至关重要。这项研究将在Anurans的听觉系统上进行，因为它们发声的时间结构已被证明在其生殖生物学中很重要，并且非常适合对构成时间处理机制的神经生理学研究。目前，关于听觉系统中时间处理的神经机制知之甚少。在基本层面上，声音的时间结构包括其幅度和频率如何变化，即随着时间的流逝。该研究项目的具体目标是了解振幅调制（包括脉冲持续时间和上升时间）如何在大脑中表示，以及这些表示形式中转化的机制。在包括哺乳动物在内的许多脊椎动物物种中，从振幅调制速率的周期性编码到AM滤波器表示有一个转变。中脑中的大多数神经元在特定的AM速率范围内做出了最佳的反应，即带通路。这种转变为基础的机制知之甚少。先前的工作表明，激发，抑制和可塑性之间的相互作用是中脑神经元在AM速率，声音持续时间和可能增加时间的选择性的基础。该研究建议中概述的特定实验旨在进一步阐明中脑神经元如何整合这些突触性能，以产生对声音的这些时间特征的选择性。