Outreach

自1974年《小岛屿发展中国家法案》通过以来，国家发展与发展中心一直是小岛屿发展中国家研究的牵头机构。小岛屿发展中国家是一种原因不明的综合症，其定义是一岁以下婴儿突然死亡，即使经过彻底的病例调查、尸检和临床病史审查，仍然无法解释。小岛屿发展中国家是美国新生儿后期死亡的主要原因。根据国家卫生统计中心的数据，2006年小岛屿发展中国家的死亡率为0.67/1,000活产，比2004年和2005年有所增加。1994年，在美国儿科学会（AAP）推荐仰睡作为一岁以下婴儿最安全的睡姿后，全国“回归睡眠”公共健康教育运动开始了。趴着睡是小岛屿发展中国家的主要危险因素。该运动提倡让婴儿仰卧睡觉，以降低小岛屿发展中国家的风险。它由美国国立卫生研究院与以下活动发起人合作领导：美国儿科学会，HRSA妇幼卫生局，第一蜡烛/小岛屿发展中国家联盟以及小岛屿发展中国家和婴儿死亡率计划协会。自该运动发起以来，小岛屿发展中国家在所有种族群体中的比例下降了50%。然而，尽管该运动总体上取得了成功，小岛屿发展中国家在非洲裔美国人和美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人口中的比率仍然存在差异。联合国儿童发展中心积极支持在这些人群中促进外联的伙伴关系，以减少小岛屿发展中国家的风险。

The NICHD has been the lead agency for research on SIDS since the SIDS Act was passed in 1974. SIDS is a syndrome of unknown cause and is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than one year of age, which remains unexplained even after a thorough case investigation, autopsy and review of the clinical history. SIDS is the leading cause of post neonatal mortality in the United States. According the National Center for Health Statistics, the 2006 SIDS rate was 0.67/1,000 live births, an increase in the rate over 2004 and 2005. The national Back to Sleep public health education campaign was launched in 1994 after the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended back sleeping as the safest sleep position for infants younger than one year of age. Stomach sleeping is a major risk factor for SIDS. The campaign promotes placing babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. It is led by the NIH in collaboration with the following campaign sponsors: AAP, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of HRSA, First Candle/SIDS Alliance, and the Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs. Since the launch of the campaign, the SIDS rate has dropped by 50 percent among all racial groups. However, despite the overall success of the campaign, disparities remain in the SIDS rates among African American and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. The NICHD actively supports partnerships that advance outreach within these populations to reduce the risks for SIDS. In the last few years, as autopsy and death scene practices have improved, the field has started to use the SUID term as the umbrella term for SIDS and other infant deaths of unknown cause. The SUID term is now more commonly used than the SIDS term because many infant deaths cannot always be definitively diagnosed as SIDS. As a result, the field is moving away from discussing the risks for SIDS and is moving toward a discussion of safe sleep practices for infants. The NICHD, in collaboration with its Back to Sleep partners and other organizations, will be re-conceptualizing the SIDS awareness campaign into a safe sleep practices campaign beginning in fiscal year 2010. Part of this re-conceptualization will include continued efforts to reduce SIDS among populations at higher risk, but will also incorporate messages and recommendations related to SUID. NICHD will also have to conduct market research to test modified messages and logos and work with partners to expand community outreach efforts.