Spindle forces for chromosome movement

染色体运动对于细胞分裂时的基因组分离是必不可少的。主动力 基于微管的运动蛋白和微管在动粒上的产生 动力学被认为是推动染色体运动的动力。主轴力是如何对抗的？ 基于动粒的力量来指定染色体，而不是微管，移动？至 回答这个问题，人们必须发现主轴机械结构对 染色体运动。在目标1中，我们将确定主轴如何施加力 动粒-微管，以对抗基于动粒的力量，从而施加染色体 有动静。在目标2中，我们将确定这些纺锤体力如何作用于动粒微管。 在连续的纺锤体重组和分子周转过程中动态保持，因为 以及外界的侮辱。综上所述，我们的结果将为我们深入了解染色体负荷是如何 运动是由像主轴这样一台充满活力的机器产生的。

Chromosome movement is essential to genome segregation upon cell division. Active force generation at the kinetochore by both microtubule-based motor proteins and microtubule dynamics is thought to power chromosome movement. How do spindle forces oppose kinetochore-based forces to specify that chromosomes, instead of microtubules, move? To answer this question, one must uncover the contribution of spindle mechanical architecture to chromosome movement. In Aim #1, we will determine how the spindle exerts force on kinetochore-microtubules to oppose kinetochore-based forces and thereby impose chromosome movement. In Aim #2, we will determine how these spindle forces on kinetochore-microtubules are dynamically maintained during continuous spindle reorganization and molecule turnover, as well as external insults. Together, our results will provide insight into how the load of chromosome movement is born by such a dynamic machine as the spindle.