Spindle forces for chromosome movement

染色体运动是细胞分裂时基因组分离所必需的。主动力 在动粒处由基于微管的马达蛋白和微管 动力学被认为是染色体运动的动力。纺锤力如何对抗 基于运动舞蹈的力量来指定染色体，而不是微管，移动？到 要回答这个问题，必须揭示主轴机械结构对 染色体运动在目标#1中，我们将确定主轴如何对 着丝粒-微管对抗基于着丝粒的力，从而施加染色体 运动在目标#2中，我们将确定这些纺锤体如何作用于着丝粒微管 在连续的纺锤体重组和分子周转过程中动态维持， 以及外部的侮辱。总之，我们的研究结果将提供深入了解染色体的负荷如何 运动是由主轴这样的动态机器产生的。

Chromosome movement is essential to genome segregation upon cell division. Active force generation at the kinetochore by both microtubule-based motor proteins and microtubule dynamics is thought to power chromosome movement. How do spindle forces oppose kinetochore-based forces to specify that chromosomes, instead of microtubules, move? To answer this question, one must uncover the contribution of spindle mechanical architecture to chromosome movement. In Aim #1, we will determine how the spindle exerts force on kinetochore-microtubules to oppose kinetochore-based forces and thereby impose chromosome movement. In Aim #2, we will determine how these spindle forces on kinetochore-microtubules are dynamically maintained during continuous spindle reorganization and molecule turnover, as well as external insults. Together, our results will provide insight into how the load of chromosome movement is born by such a dynamic machine as the spindle.