Sleep Physiology and Risk for Alcohol Problems in Children of Alcoholics

描述（由申请人提供）：本拟议项目是 PI 第一次 R01 申请的重新提交。酒精依赖者有明显的睡眠障碍，但这些睡眠障碍是否发生在大量饮酒之前或之后尚不清楚。现在，人类一生中的几条证据表明，睡眠障碍可能先于酒精使用障碍，并成为酒精使用障碍发生风险的标志。例如，青少年和成人的睡眠问题、饮酒和酒精使用障碍之间似乎存在纵向关系。然而，很少有研究系统地研究酒精依赖父母（COA）的亲生子女的睡眠模式、习惯和结构，这些孩子比同龄人更早饮酒以及更早出现酒精使用障碍的风险已经增加。对 COA 和对照组（非 COA）中与早期饮酒风险和酒精相关问题相关的睡眠参数进行纵向调查，将阐明睡眠障碍的影响，并可能为预防和早期干预工作提供信息。目前的提案寻求资金支持一项关于睡眠模式、架构以及 COA 和控制调节的纵向研究。具体目标是：（i）通过多种睡眠测量方法（包括自我报告、父母评分、体动记录仪和多导睡眠图）检查睡眠模式、习惯和 COA 的结构以及随时间的控制； (ii) 了解睡眠障碍对 COA 和对照组的神经认知功能、行为问题以及早期饮酒/滥用风险的影响； (iii) 了解性别、青春期发育和感知压力如何调节 COA 和对照组睡眠问题与酒精使用/滥用之间的关系。提出了三波纵向设计。参与者在时间 1 时年龄为 8-12 岁，在时间 2 为 9-13 岁，在时间 3 为 10-14 岁。将在时间 1 时收集多种睡眠测量数据，包括体动记录仪和多导睡眠图数据。在时间 2 和 3 时，将重复体动记录仪，并收集自我报告和家长对睡眠评分以及神经认知功能和行为问题的数据。关于酒精和其他药物使用的发作以及相关问题的信息也将在第 2 次和第 3 次收集。该项目有可能记录 COA 和对照之间的睡眠问题、酗酒家族史、神经认知功能、行为问题以及酒精问题的发展之间的关系。研究结果将提供有关睡眠问题和酒精使用障碍之间关系的实用信息，对预防和早期干预具有重要意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed project is a resubmission of the PI's first R01 application. Alcohol-dependent individuals have well-described disturbances of sleep, but whether these sleep disturbances precede or follow heavy, problem drinking is unknown. Several lines of evidence across the human life span now suggest that sleep disturbances may precede and represent a marker of risk for the development of alcohol use disorders. For instance, there appears to be a longitudinal relationship between sleep problems, alcohol use, and alcohol use disorders in both adolescents and adults. Very few studies, however, have systematically examined the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of biological children of an alcohol- dependent parent (COAs), who already are at increased risk both to drink earlier than their peers and to have an early onset of alcohol use disorders. A longitudinal investigation of sleep parameters in relation to risk for early onset of alcohol use and alcohol related problems among COAs and controls (non-COAs) would clarify the influence of sleep disturbances and potentially inform prevention and early intervention efforts. The current proposal seeks funding to support a longitudinal study on sleep patterns, architecture, and regulation in COAs and controls. Specific aims are: (i) to examine the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of COAs and controls over time via multiple measures of sleep, including self-report, parental ratings, actigraphy, and polysomnography; (ii) to understand the effects of sleep disturbances on neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and risk for early alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls; and (iii) to understand how gender, pubertal development, and perceived stress may moderate the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls. A three-wave longitudinal design is proposed. Participants will be 8-12 years old at Time 1, 9-13 years old at Time 2, and 10-14 years old at Time 3. Multiple measures of sleep, including actigraphy and polysomnography data will be collected at Time 1. At Times 2 and 3, actigraphy will be repeated and data on self-report and parental ratings of sleep, as well as neurocognitive functions and behavioral problems will be gathered. Information regarding onset of alcohol and other drug use, as well as related problems will also be collected at Times 2 and 3. This project has the potential to document the relationships among sleep problems, family history of alcoholism, neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and the development of alcohol problems among COAs and controls. Results of the study will lead to practical information on the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use disorders, with implications for prevention and early intervention.