Sleep Physiology and Risk for Alcohol Problems in Children of Alcoholics

描述(由申请人提供)：这个拟议的项目是PI的第一个R01申请的重新提交。酒精依赖者有很好的睡眠障碍描述，但这些睡眠障碍是在重度饮酒之前还是之后，问题饮酒尚不清楚。人类一生中有几条证据表明，睡眠障碍可能发生在酒精使用障碍之前，并代表着发展为酒精使用障碍的风险标志。例如，在青少年和成年人中，睡眠问题、酒精使用和酒精使用障碍之间似乎都存在纵向关系。然而，很少有研究系统地研究酒精依赖父母(COA)的亲生子女的睡眠模式、习惯和结构，他们已经面临比同龄人更早饮酒和早发酒精使用障碍的风险。在COA和对照组(Non-COA)中对睡眠参数与过早饮酒和酒精相关问题的风险进行纵向调查，将澄清睡眠障碍的影响，并可能为预防和早期干预工作提供信息。目前的提案寻求资金，以支持一项关于COA和对照中的睡眠模式、架构和调节的纵向研究。具体目标是：(I)通过多项睡眠测量，包括自我报告、父母评分、活动描记和多导睡眠图，检查COA和控制组随着时间的推移的睡眠模式、习惯和架构；(Ii)了解睡眠障碍对COA和控制组中神经认知功能、行为问题和早期饮酒/滥用风险的影响；以及(Iii)了解性别、青春期发育和感知压力如何调节COA和控制组中睡眠问题和酒精使用/滥用之间的关系。提出了一种三波纵向设计方案。参与者在时间1的年龄为8-12岁，时间2的年龄为9-13岁，时间3的年龄为10-14岁。在时间1将收集多种睡眠测量，包括活动记录仪和多导睡眠图数据。在时间2和3，活动记录仪将重复，并收集有关自我报告和父母对睡眠的评分以及神经认知功能和行为问题的数据。关于酒精和其他药物使用以及相关问题的信息也将在第二和第三次收集。这个项目有可能记录睡眠问题、酗酒家族史、神经认知功能、行为问题以及COA和对照组之间酒精问题的发展之间的关系。这项研究的结果将为睡眠问题和酒精使用障碍之间的关系提供实用信息，并对预防和早期干预产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed project is a resubmission of the PI's first R01 application. Alcohol-dependent individuals have well-described disturbances of sleep, but whether these sleep disturbances precede or follow heavy, problem drinking is unknown. Several lines of evidence across the human life span now suggest that sleep disturbances may precede and represent a marker of risk for the development of alcohol use disorders. For instance, there appears to be a longitudinal relationship between sleep problems, alcohol use, and alcohol use disorders in both adolescents and adults. Very few studies, however, have systematically examined the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of biological children of an alcohol- dependent parent (COAs), who already are at increased risk both to drink earlier than their peers and to have an early onset of alcohol use disorders. A longitudinal investigation of sleep parameters in relation to risk for early onset of alcohol use and alcohol related problems among COAs and controls (non-COAs) would clarify the influence of sleep disturbances and potentially inform prevention and early intervention efforts. The current proposal seeks funding to support a longitudinal study on sleep patterns, architecture, and regulation in COAs and controls. Specific aims are: (i) to examine the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of COAs and controls over time via multiple measures of sleep, including self-report, parental ratings, actigraphy, and polysomnography; (ii) to understand the effects of sleep disturbances on neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and risk for early alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls; and (iii) to understand how gender, pubertal development, and perceived stress may moderate the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls. A three-wave longitudinal design is proposed. Participants will be 8-12 years old at Time 1, 9-13 years old at Time 2, and 10-14 years old at Time 3. Multiple measures of sleep, including actigraphy and polysomnography data will be collected at Time 1. At Times 2 and 3, actigraphy will be repeated and data on self-report and parental ratings of sleep, as well as neurocognitive functions and behavioral problems will be gathered. Information regarding onset of alcohol and other drug use, as well as related problems will also be collected at Times 2 and 3. This project has the potential to document the relationships among sleep problems, family history of alcoholism, neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and the development of alcohol problems among COAs and controls. Results of the study will lead to practical information on the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use disorders, with implications for prevention and early intervention.