Sleep Physiology and Risk for Alcohol Problems in Children of Alcoholics

描述（由申请人提供）：本拟议项目是PI首次R 01申请的重新提交。酒精依赖者有明确描述的睡眠障碍，但这些睡眠障碍是在酗酒之前还是之后尚不清楚。现在，跨越人类寿命的几条证据表明，睡眠障碍可能先于酒精使用障碍，并代表了酒精使用障碍发展的风险标志。例如，青少年和成人的睡眠问题、饮酒和酒精使用障碍之间似乎存在纵向关系。然而，很少有研究系统地研究酒精依赖父母（COA）的生物学子女的睡眠模式，习惯和结构，他们已经比同龄人更早饮酒和早发酒精使用障碍的风险增加。对COA和对照组（非COA）中与早发性饮酒和酒精相关问题风险相关的睡眠参数进行纵向调查，将澄清睡眠障碍的影响，并可能为预防和早期干预工作提供信息。目前的提案寻求资金，以支持对睡眠模式，结构和监管的COA和控制的纵向研究。具体目标是：（i）通过多种睡眠测量方法，包括自我报告、父母评级、活动记录和多导睡眠图，检查COA和对照组的睡眠模式、习惯和结构;（ii）了解睡眠障碍对COA和对照组神经认知功能、行为问题和早期酒精使用/滥用风险的影响;以及（iii）了解性别、青春期发育和感知压力如何调节COA和对照组之间的睡眠问题和酒精使用/滥用之间的关系。提出了三波纵向设计。受试者将在时间1时为8-12岁，在时间2时为9-13岁，在时间3时为10-14岁。将在时间点1采集多项睡眠指标，包括体动记录和多导睡眠描记数据。在第2次和第3次，将重复进行体动记录，并收集关于自我报告和父母对睡眠的评级以及神经认知功能和行为问题的数据。关于酒精和其他药物使用的开始以及相关问题的信息也将在时间2和3收集。该项目有可能记录睡眠问题，酗酒家族史，神经认知功能，行为问题，以及COA和对照组之间酒精问题的发展之间的关系。研究结果将为睡眠问题和酒精使用障碍之间的关系提供实用信息，并对预防和早期干预产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed project is a resubmission of the PI's first R01 application. Alcohol-dependent individuals have well-described disturbances of sleep, but whether these sleep disturbances precede or follow heavy, problem drinking is unknown. Several lines of evidence across the human life span now suggest that sleep disturbances may precede and represent a marker of risk for the development of alcohol use disorders. For instance, there appears to be a longitudinal relationship between sleep problems, alcohol use, and alcohol use disorders in both adolescents and adults. Very few studies, however, have systematically examined the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of biological children of an alcohol- dependent parent (COAs), who already are at increased risk both to drink earlier than their peers and to have an early onset of alcohol use disorders. A longitudinal investigation of sleep parameters in relation to risk for early onset of alcohol use and alcohol related problems among COAs and controls (non-COAs) would clarify the influence of sleep disturbances and potentially inform prevention and early intervention efforts. The current proposal seeks funding to support a longitudinal study on sleep patterns, architecture, and regulation in COAs and controls. Specific aims are: (i) to examine the sleep patterns, habits, and architecture of COAs and controls over time via multiple measures of sleep, including self-report, parental ratings, actigraphy, and polysomnography; (ii) to understand the effects of sleep disturbances on neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and risk for early alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls; and (iii) to understand how gender, pubertal development, and perceived stress may moderate the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use/abuse among COAs and controls. A three-wave longitudinal design is proposed. Participants will be 8-12 years old at Time 1, 9-13 years old at Time 2, and 10-14 years old at Time 3. Multiple measures of sleep, including actigraphy and polysomnography data will be collected at Time 1. At Times 2 and 3, actigraphy will be repeated and data on self-report and parental ratings of sleep, as well as neurocognitive functions and behavioral problems will be gathered. Information regarding onset of alcohol and other drug use, as well as related problems will also be collected at Times 2 and 3. This project has the potential to document the relationships among sleep problems, family history of alcoholism, neurocognitive functions, behavioral problems, and the development of alcohol problems among COAs and controls. Results of the study will lead to practical information on the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use disorders, with implications for prevention and early intervention.