Genetically-informed designs of externalizing behavior and romantic relationships

描述(由申请人提供)：这一独立的博士后奖学金(F32)的目的是支持候选人的培训目标，以获得物质使用和精神结果方面的知识，遗传流行病学和基因发现方法方面的专业知识，并进一步发展学术研究生涯所需的技能。为了实现这些培训目标，应聘者将使用遗传知情设计来表征外化行为和关系因素之间的关联。许多研究记录了外化行为(例如，酒精和非法药物滥用、依赖和反社会行为)、婚姻状况和恋爱关系障碍之间的联系。外化行为和关系特征都受到基因的影响；然而，从基因的角度来看，人们对它们之间的联系知之甚少。鉴于越来越多的证据表明遗传易感性和环境风险因素并不是彼此独立的，确定这些关联的特征是很重要的。例如，就本项目而言，行为去抑制(即外化行为共有的高度可遗传因素)也损害了人际过程(例如，冲突解决、信任和承诺)，这些过程是形成和维持和谐浪漫关系的核心。两个中心假设指导着这项工作。首先，预计婚姻状况和关系障碍将与外化行为有共同的遗传基础。第二，在考虑了基因-环境相关因素后，婚姻状况和人际关系功能障碍对外化行为的遗传影响是可以预期的。这个项目的第一部分将使用遗传流行病学(即双胞胎)方法来检验外化行为和恋爱关系因素是否具有潜在的遗传影响，以及浪漫关系因素是否调节了外化行为的潜在遗传影响。本项目的第二部分将使用基因发现方法来检验外化行为和关系因素是否共享测量到的遗传影响，以及关系因素是否缓和了测量到的外化行为的遗传影响。因此，这项工作使用互补的遗传信息方法(双胞胎研究和基因鉴定方法)来确定外化行为的遗传和/或环境影响在多大程度上也影响一个人的结婚、离婚或有功能失调的关系的倾向，以及关系因素是否调节外化行为的遗传影响。这项工作有助于精神病学研究的一个中心目标，即了解显著的环境因素，如婚姻状况和关系障碍，如何与遗传倾向一起预测疾病的发生和病程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this independent postdoctoral fellowship award (F32) is to support the candidate's training goals to gain knowledge on substance use and psychiatric outcomes, expertise in genetic epidemiological and gene-finding methods, and further develop the skills needed for an academic research career. To achieve these training goals, the candidate will use genetically informed designs to characterize the associations between externalizing behavior and relationship factors. Numerous studies document associations among externalizing behavior (e.g., alcohol and illicit drug abuse and dependence and antisocial behavior), marital status, and romantic relationship dysfunction. Externalizing behavior and relationship traits are both under genetic influence; still, little is known about their associations from a genetic perspective. Characterizing these associations is important in view of growing evidence that genetic predispositions and environmental risk factors are not independent of one another. With respect to the present project, for example, behavioral disinhibition (i.e., the highly heritable factor shared among externalizing behaviors) also compromises the interpersonal processes (e.g., conflict resolution, trust, and commitment) that are central to the formation and maintenance of harmonious romantic relationships. Two central hypotheses guide this work. First, it is expected that marital status and relationship dysfunction will have a common genetic basis with externalizing behavior. Second, it is expected that, after accounting for gene-environment correlation, marital status and relationship dysfunction will moderate genetic influences on externalizing behavior. The first part of this project will use genetic epidemiological (i.e., twin) methods to examine whether externalizing behavior and romantic relationship factors share latent genetic influences and whether romantic relationship factors moderate latent genetic influences on externalizing behavior. The second part of this project will use gene-finding methods to examine whether externalizing behavior and relationship factors share measured genetic influences, and whether relationship factors moderate measured genetic influences on externalizing behavior. Thus, this work uses complementary genetically-informed methods (twin studies and gene identification methods) to determine the extent to which genetic and/or environmental influences toward externalizing behavior also influence one's propensity to marry, divorce, or have a dysfunctional relationship, and whether relationship factors moderate genetic influences on externalizing behavior. This work contributes to a central goal of psychiatric research, which is to understand how salient environmental factors, such as marital status and relationship dysfunction, come together with genetic predispositions to predict the onset and course of disorders.