Development of a forced air add-on attachment for rocket stoves in Kenya capable

描述（由申请人提供）：在肯尼亚等发展中国家的农村家庭中，空气中污染物（如一氧化碳和PM2.5颗粒）的环境浓度已被观察到超过世界卫生组织（世卫组织）的暴露限值30倍，超过美国环境保护署的限值100倍。这种室内空气污染与全球疾病负担的近3%有关，是每年造成多达200万人过早死亡的主要原因。先进的气化炉清楚地表明，相对于三石大火，它们具有减少PM和CO排放的潜力，但气化炉的可用性以及性能和成本严重限制了气化炉在发展中国家的接受程度。半气化炉的局限性包括可用性差和用户接受度差，因为需要分批进料，无法控制烹饪功率输出，以及大量启动和关闭瞬态排放。因此，Envirofit认为，从烹饪实践中获得IAP显著改善的关键障碍是将创新的炉子设计与高用户接受度相结合。因此，Envirofit将注意力集中在附加的强制空气附件上，该附件设计用于火箭肘形炉，以实现目标减排，同时保持高用户接受度和直观的功能。通过实现拟议的项目目标，将取得重大突破，通过具有强大用户接受度的侧进给炉实现超过85%的减排。此外，开发的技术将应用于肯尼亚已有的许多改进炉产品，如肯尼亚已经采用的Kuni Mbili和Upesi炉（半气化炉技术将无法实现）。该技术可以部署在许多现有的燃木炉上，从而为最终用户节省了成本，无需购买全新的炉子。预计该技术将有很强的用户接受度，因为它是他们现有炉子的补充。预计，通过利用Envirofit在改进炉灶研究和开发方面的成熟专业知识，强制空气连接具有强大的潜力，可以导致高度市场化的产品。Envirofit在进行现场试验和与潜在客户对接方面拥有丰富的知识，并且拥有成熟的制造和供应链系统，能够成功部署目标产品。通过与RTI国际合作，热电发电机作为强制空气附件的电源可以成功执行。在强制空气喷射领域的探索工作已经完成，取得了有希望的结果，并获得了基线知识，这将有助于指导拟议的炉具增强技术的研究路径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ambient concentration of airborne pollutants such as CO and PM2.5 particulates in rural homes of developing countries such as Kenya has been observed to exceed World Health Organization (WHO) exposure limits up to 30X, and US Environmental Protection Agency limits by 100X. This indoor air pollution (IAP) has been linked to nearly 3% of the global burden of disease and is a major contributor to as many as 2 million premature deaths each year. Advanced gasifier cookstoves clearly indicated their potential for reduced PM and CO emissions relative to three-stone fires but usability of gasifier stoves along with performance and cost have severely limited gasifier acceptance in the developing world. The list of limitations of semi-gasifier stoves include poor usability and user acceptance due to batch fed requirements, an inability to control cooking power output, and heavy startup and shut down transient emissions. Therefore, Envirofit believes that the critical barrier to obtaining a significant improvement in IAP from cooking practices is the combination of innovative stove design with high user acceptance. Due to this Envirofit is focusing its attention on the add-on forced air attachment designed for use on rocket elbow stoves to achieve target emissions reductions while maintaining high user acceptance and intuitive functionality. By achieving the proposed project goals, significant breakthroughs will be made to achieve greater than 85% emissions reduction with a side-feed stove that have a proven history of strong user acceptance. In addition, the technology developed will be deployable on numerous preexisting improved stove products in Kenya such as the Kuni Mbili and Upesi stoves which are already adopted in Kenya (which would not be possible with semi-gasifier technology). The ability of the technology to be deployed on numerous preexisting wood burning stoves provides a cost savings to the end user by removing the need to purchase an entirely new stove. It is expected that the technology will have a strong user acceptance since it is an addition to their current stove. It is anticipated that a forced air attachment has a strong potential to lead to a highly marketable product by leveraging Envirofit's proven expertise in improved cooking stove research and development. Envirofit has extensive knowledge in performing field trials and interfacing with potential customers, and has a mature manufacturing and supply chain system capable of successfully deploying the target product. By teaming with RTI International, successful execution of a thermoelectric generator as a power supply for the forced air attachment can be realized. Exploratory work in the area of forced air injection has already been completed with promising results and an obtained baseline knowledge that will aid in guiding the research path for the proposed stove enhancement technology.