Development of a forced air add-on attachment for rocket stoves in Kenya capable

描述(由申请人提供)：据观察，肯尼亚等发展中国家农村家庭空气中CO和PM2.5颗粒等空气污染物的环境浓度超过世界卫生组织(WHO)的暴露限值30倍，美国环境保护局(US Environmental Protection Agency)的限值高出100倍。这种室内空气污染(IAP)与全球疾病负担的近3%有关，是每年多达200万人过早死亡的主要原因。先进的气化炉炉灶清楚地表明，与三石炉火相比，它们有潜力减少PM和CO排放，但气化炉炉灶的可用性以及性能和成本严重限制了气化炉在发展中国家的接受程度。半气化炉炉灶的局限性包括：由于批量进料的要求，可用性和用户接受性差，无法控制烹饪功率输出，以及大量启动和关闭瞬时排放。因此，Envirofit认为，从烹饪实践中获得IAP显著改善的关键障碍是创新的炉子设计与高用户接受度的结合。由于这一点，Envirofit将注意力集中在为火箭弯管炉灶设计的附加强制空气附件上，以实现目标减排，同时保持高用户接受度和直观功能。通过实现拟议的项目目标，将取得重大突破，通过侧进式炉子实现85%以上的减排，这种炉子已被证明有很强的用户接受度。此外，开发的技术将可用于肯尼亚许多已有的改进型炉灶产品，例如已经在肯尼亚采用的Kuri Mbili和Upesi炉灶(使用半气化炉技术是不可能的)。该技术能够部署在许多现有的木材燃烧炉子上，通过消除购买全新炉子的需要，为最终用户节省了成本。预计这项技术将得到用户的强烈接受，因为它是他们目前炉子的补充。预计，通过利用Envirofit在改进的烹饪炉具研究和开发方面的成熟专业知识，强制空气附件具有强大的潜力，可以带来高度畅销的产品。Envirofit在进行现场试验和与潜在客户接触方面拥有丰富的知识，并拥有成熟的制造和供应链系统，能够成功部署目标产品。通过与RTI International的合作，可以成功地将热电发电机作为强制空气附件的电源。强制空气喷射领域的探索性工作已经完成，取得了可喜的成果，并获得了基线知识，这将有助于指导拟议的炉子改进技术的研究道路。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ambient concentration of airborne pollutants such as CO and PM2.5 particulates in rural homes of developing countries such as Kenya has been observed to exceed World Health Organization (WHO) exposure limits up to 30X, and US Environmental Protection Agency limits by 100X. This indoor air pollution (IAP) has been linked to nearly 3% of the global burden of disease and is a major contributor to as many as 2 million premature deaths each year. Advanced gasifier cookstoves clearly indicated their potential for reduced PM and CO emissions relative to three-stone fires but usability of gasifier stoves along with performance and cost have severely limited gasifier acceptance in the developing world. The list of limitations of semi-gasifier stoves include poor usability and user acceptance due to batch fed requirements, an inability to control cooking power output, and heavy startup and shut down transient emissions. Therefore, Envirofit believes that the critical barrier to obtaining a significant improvement in IAP from cooking practices is the combination of innovative stove design with high user acceptance. Due to this Envirofit is focusing its attention on the add-on forced air attachment designed for use on rocket elbow stoves to achieve target emissions reductions while maintaining high user acceptance and intuitive functionality. By achieving the proposed project goals, significant breakthroughs will be made to achieve greater than 85% emissions reduction with a side-feed stove that have a proven history of strong user acceptance. In addition, the technology developed will be deployable on numerous preexisting improved stove products in Kenya such as the Kuni Mbili and Upesi stoves which are already adopted in Kenya (which would not be possible with semi-gasifier technology). The ability of the technology to be deployed on numerous preexisting wood burning stoves provides a cost savings to the end user by removing the need to purchase an entirely new stove. It is expected that the technology will have a strong user acceptance since it is an addition to their current stove. It is anticipated that a forced air attachment has a strong potential to lead to a highly marketable product by leveraging Envirofit's proven expertise in improved cooking stove research and development. Envirofit has extensive knowledge in performing field trials and interfacing with potential customers, and has a mature manufacturing and supply chain system capable of successfully deploying the target product. By teaming with RTI International, successful execution of a thermoelectric generator as a power supply for the forced air attachment can be realized. Exploratory work in the area of forced air injection has already been completed with promising results and an obtained baseline knowledge that will aid in guiding the research path for the proposed stove enhancement technology.