Development of a forced air add-on attachment for rocket stoves in Kenya capable

在肯尼亚开发用于火箭炉的强制空气附加附件

• 批准号: 8517417
• 负责人: Nathan Lorenz
• 金额: $ 9.74万
• 依托单位: ENVIROFIT INTERNATIONAL, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-22 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8517417
• 关键词: Adopted; Air; Area; Attention; Biological Models; Biomass; Burn injury; Calculi; Carbon Monoxide; Cessation of life; Child; Cooking Practices; Cost Savings; Data; Dependency; Developing Countries; Development; Elbow; Enhancement Technology; Evaluation; Fire - disasters; Future; Gases; Generations; Goals; Heating; Home environment; Indoor Air Pollution; Injection of therapeutic agent; International; Kenya; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Manufactured Supplies; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Output; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Performance; Phase; Power Sources; Preparation; Process; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rural; Side; Solid; System; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Time; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Women' s Health; Wood material; Work; World Health Organization; base; burden of illness; chemical kinetics; cooking; cost; design; exhaust; experience; feeding; fluid flow; improved; innovation; pollutant; premature; product development; programs; prototype; public health relevance; research and development; respiratory; usability

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ambient concentration of airborne pollutants such as CO and PM2.5 particulates in rural homes of developing countries such as Kenya has been observed to exceed World Health Organization (WHO) exposure limits up to 30X, and US Environmental Protection Agency limits by 100X. This indoor air pollution (IAP) has been linked to nearly 3% of the global burden of disease and is a major contributor to as many as 2 million premature deaths each year. Advanced gasifier cookstoves clearly indicated their potential for reduced PM and CO emissions relative to three-stone fires but usability of gasifier stoves along with performance and cost have severely limited gasifier acceptance in the developing world. The list of limitations of semi-gasifier stoves include poor usability and user acceptance due to batch fed requirements, an inability to control cooking power output, and heavy startup and shut down transient emissions. Therefore, Envirofit believes that the critical barrier to obtaining a significant improvement in IAP from cooking practices is the combination of innovative stove design with high user acceptance. Due to this Envirofit is focusing its attention on the add-on forced air attachment designed for use on rocket elbow stoves to achieve target emissions reductions while maintaining high user acceptance and intuitive functionality. By achieving the proposed project goals, significant breakthroughs will be made to achieve greater than 85% emissions reduction with a side-feed stove that have a proven history of strong user acceptance. In addition, the technology developed will be deployable on numerous preexisting improved stove products in Kenya such as the Kuni Mbili and Upesi stoves which are already adopted in Kenya (which would not be possible with semi-gasifier technology). The ability of the technology to be deployed on numerous preexisting wood burning stoves provides a cost savings to the end user by removing the need to purchase an entirely new stove. It is expected that the technology will have a strong user acceptance since it is an addition to their current stove. It is anticipated that a forced air attachment has a strong potential to lead to a highly marketable product by leveraging Envirofit's proven expertise in improved cooking stove research and development. Envirofit has extensive knowledge in performing field trials and interfacing with potential customers, and has a mature manufacturing and supply chain system capable of successfully deploying the target product. By teaming with RTI International, successful execution of a thermoelectric generator as a power supply for the forced air attachment can be realized. Exploratory work in the area of forced air injection has already been completed with promising results and an obtained baseline knowledge that will aid in guiding the research path for the proposed stove enhancement technology.

描述（由申请人提供）：在肯尼亚等发展中国家的农村家庭中，已观察到空气污染物（如CO和PM2.5颗粒）的环境浓度超过世界卫生组织（WHO）暴露限值高达30倍，超过美国环境保护署限值100倍。这种室内空气污染（IAP）与全球近3%的疾病负担有关，是每年多达200万人过早死亡的主要原因。先进的气化炉炉灶清楚地表明，相对于三石火，它们具有减少PM和CO排放的潜力，但气化炉炉灶的可用性沿着性能和成本严重限制了发展中国家对气化炉的接受。半气化炉的局限性包括由于批量进料要求而导致的较差的可用性和用户接受度、无法控制烹饪功率输出以及大量的启动和关闭瞬态排放。因此，Envirofit认为，从烹饪实践中获得IAP显著改善的关键障碍是创新炉灶设计与高用户接受度的结合。因此，Envirofit将注意力集中在设计用于火箭肘形炉的附加强制空气附件上，以实现减排目标，同时保持较高的用户接受度和直观的功能。通过实现拟议的项目目标，将取得重大突破，实现超过85%的减排与侧进料炉，有一个强大的用户接受的历史证明。此外，所开发的技术将可用于肯尼亚现有的许多改进型炉灶产品，如肯尼亚已采用的Kuni Mbili和Upesi炉灶（半气化炉技术不可能做到这一点）。该技术能够部署在许多现有的木材燃烧炉上，通过消除购买全新炉的需要，为最终用户节省了成本。预计该技术将得到用户的广泛接受，因为它是对现有炉灶的补充。预计通过利用Envirofit在改进炉灶研究和开发方面的成熟专业知识，强制空气附件具有强大的潜力，可以成为一种非常畅销的产品。Envirofit在进行现场试验和与潜在客户进行沟通方面拥有丰富的知识，并拥有成熟的制造和供应链系统，能够成功部署目标产品。通过与RTI国际公司合作，可以成功实施热电发电机作为强制空气附件的电源。强制空气喷射领域的探索工作已经完成，取得了可喜的成果，并获得了基线知识，这将有助于指导拟议的炉灶增强技术的研究路径。