The Developmental Antecedents and Cognitive Correlates of Script-like Attachment

脚本式依恋的发展前因和认知关联

• 批准号: 8595057
• 负责人: Theodore Waters
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8595057
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Caregivers; Child; Child Care; Childhood; Clinical; Code; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Cues; Data; Data Set; Databases; Development; Educational Intervention; Evaluation; Family; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Label; Laboratories; Light; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Mind; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Parenting behavior; Parents; Participant; Performance; Plant Roots; Process; Production; Public Health; Research; Sampling; Scheme; Secure; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; Testing; Therapeutic; Variant; Water; Work; Youth; base; behavior influence; caregiving; conflict resolution; design; early experience; experience; infancy; information organization; intervention program; memory process; memory recall; mental representation; peer; prospective; public health relevance; stem; theories; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individual differences in adult attachment have significant clinical and societal implications. For example, adult attachment-related variation is associated with (a) higher quality peer relationships, (b) more effective conflict resolution with romantic partners, and (c) more sensitive and responsive parenting. The goal of this proposal is to examine the antecedents of adult attachment in early caregiving experiences. Recent theoretical arguments suggest that high quality and supportive parenting develops into a script-like representation of the attachment relationship, and that these script-like representations of attachment come to influence behavior in adulthood. However, several issues remain unaddressed. Specifically, there has been no large sample empirical demonstration that script-like attachment representations develop from early experience or that these scripts- like attachment representations are associated with more established measures of adult attachment like the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), an indirect assessment of adult attachment representations. We propose to address these gaps in two ways: (1) by examining the developmental antecedents of script-like attachment representations and whether secure base script knowledge accounts for associations between early experience and the AAI and (2) exploring several potential cognitive correlates of script-like attachment representations relevant to AAI performance, specifically memory accessibility and organization. The first aim (SA1) is to examine the developmental antecedents of script-like attachment representations by taking advantage of a large prospective, longitudinal sample, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), which followed 857 participants from infancy to late adolescence. Script-like attachment representations will be assessed by re-coding existing data with a newly developed coding scheme. We will then examine the developmental antecedents of script-like attachment representation with measures of the quality of early experience (e.g. parental sensitivity) collected across development, exploring in particular whether variation in secure base script knowledge mediates associations between early caregiving experiences and adults states of mind regarding attachment as assessed by the AAI. A second set of studies (SA2) will seek to explore the cognitive correlates of script-like attachment representations. We will conduct two laboratory- based studies examining the influence of script-like attachment representations on memory accessibility and organization. These studies will test the extent to which script-like attachment representations facilitate memory recall and the production of well organized/complete attachment narratives using well-established paradigms from the cognitive psychology literature. The knowledge gained from these specific aims has the potential to (1) inform our understanding of the influence early experience can have on later development, (2) provide an operative mechanism to target in interventions focused on attachment relationships.

描述（由申请人提供）：成人依恋的个体差异具有显着的临床和社会影响。例如，成人依恋相关的变异与（a）更高质量的同伴关系，（b）更有效地解决与浪漫伴侣的冲突，以及（c）更敏感和反应灵敏的养育方式有关。该提案的目的是研究早期护理经历中成人依恋的前因。最近的理论观点表明，高质量和支持性的养育方式会发展成依恋关系的脚本式表征，并且这些依恋关系的脚本式表征会影响成年后的行为。然而，仍有几个问题尚未解决。具体来说，没有大样本的经验证明，类似脚本的依恋表征是从早期经验中发展出来的，或者这些类似脚本的依恋表征与更成熟的成人依恋衡量标准相关，如成人依恋访谈（AAI），这是对成人依恋表征的间接评估。我们建议通过两种方式解决这些差距：（1）通过检查类脚本依恋表征的发展前因，以及安全的基础脚本知识是否解释了早期经验与 AAI 之间的关联；（2）探索类脚本依恋表征相关的几种潜在认知关联。 AAI 性能，特别是内存可访问性和组织。第一个目标 (SA1) 是通过利用大型前瞻性纵向样本，即 NICHD 早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究 (SECCYD)，对 857 名参与者从婴儿期到青春期后期进行跟踪，来检查类似脚本的依恋表征的发展前因。类似脚本的附件表示将通过使用新开发的编码方案重新编码现有数据来评估。然后，我们将通过在整个发展过程中收集的早期经验质量（例如父母敏感性）的测量来检查类脚本依恋表征的发展前因，特别探讨安全基础脚本知识的变化是否介导早期护理经历与 AAI 评估的成年人关于依恋的心态之间的关联。第二组研究（SA2）将寻求探索类似脚本的依恋表征的认知关联。我们将进行两项基于实验室的研究，研究类似脚本的附件表征对记忆可访问性和组织的影响。这些研究将测试类似脚本的依恋表征在多大程度上促进记忆回忆以及使用认知心理学文献中既定的范式生成组织良好/完整的依恋叙事。从这些具体目标中获得的知识有可能（1）让我们了解早期经历对以后发展的影响，（2）提供一种针对依恋关系的干预措施的操作机制。