The Genetics and Genomics of Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila Affinis

果蝇性比减数分裂驱动的遗传学和基因组学

• 批准号: 8434597
• 负责人: Robert L Unckless
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8434597
• 关键词: Aging; Arthropods; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Biological; Biology; Candidate Disease Gene; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosome Structures; Chromosomes; Daughter; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Etiology; Evolution; Extinction (Psychology); Fertility; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genomics; Haplotypes; Human; Lead; Light; Mammals; Maps; Meiosis; Metabolism; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Phenotype; Plants; Play; Population; Population Genetics; Research Training; Role; Sex Chromosomes; Sex Ratio; Shapes; Son; System; Testis; Training; Training Programs; Work; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; base; comparative genomics; expectation; genetic element; human male; insight; male; next generation sequencing; novel; novel strategies; research study; restoration; sex determination; sperm cell; suicidal; tool; transcriptomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sex-ratio meiotic drive is found in diverse groups of metazoans including arthropods, mammals and plants. Drive occurs because a selfish sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome, is able to debilitate the opposite sex chromosome. The result is that males carrying the driving X chromosome produce almost all daughters. Understanding the genetics of sex-ratio meiotic drive has been hindered by the association of drive loci with large inversions. The Drosophila affinis sex-ratio system has an additional level o complexity: males lacking a Y chromosome are fertile. In fact, a male with a driving X chromosome and no Y produces mostly sons - the driving X appears to be suicidal in the absence of a Y chromosome. I propose a strategy using next generation sequencing for genomic analysis of sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila affinis. Using a combination of comparative genomics of the driving and non-driving X chromosomes and transcriptomic analysis of both chromosomes in males testes, I hope to identify candidate genes involved in the drive phenotype. Subsequent analysis will help identify specific genes. The approach is novel in that I will be attempting to map genes within inversions in a non-model species, and the methods I develop will facilitate similar analysis in other systems. The biological insight obtaine from our analysis may shed light on the genetics of sex-ratio meiotic drive and sex chromosome evolution, both of which have implications for fertility.

描述（由申请人提供）：在包括节肢动物，哺乳动物和植物在内的各种后生动物中发现了性别减数分裂驱动。发生动力是因为自私的性染色体（通常是X染色体）能够使异性染色体虚弱。结果是携带驾驶X染色体的雄性几乎会产生所有女儿。驱动基因座与大型倒置的关联阻碍了了解性比率减数分裂驱动的遗传学。果蝇的性比例系统具有额外的级别O复杂性：缺乏Y染色体的雄性是肥沃的。实际上，一个驾驶X染色体且没有Y的雄性主要产生儿子 - 在没有Y染色体的情况下，驾驶X似乎是自杀的。我提出了一种使用下一代测序的策略，用于对果蝇的性比率减数分裂驱动的基因组分析。我希望鉴于男性睾丸中两种染色体的驱动和非驱动X染色体的比较基因组学的结合，我希望鉴定出参与驱动表型的候选基因。随后的分析将有助于识别特定的基因。这种方法是新颖的，因为我将尝试在非模型物种的反转中绘制基因，而我开发的方法将促进其他系统中的类似分析。从我们的分析中获得的生物学见解可能会阐明性别比例减数分裂驱动和性染色体进化的遗传学，这两者都对生育有影响。