The Genetics and Genomics of Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila Affinis

性比减数分裂驱动存在于多种后生动物中，包括节肢动物、哺乳动物和植物。内驱力的产生是因为自私的性染色体，通常是X染色体，能够削弱异性染色体。结果是，携带驱动X染色体的雄性几乎都能生下女儿。了解性比减数分裂驱动的遗传学一直受到驱动基因座与大倒位的关联的阻碍。果蝇的性别比例系统有一个额外的复杂性：缺乏Y染色体的雄性是可生育的。事实上，一个有驱动X染色体而没有Y染色体的男性大多会生下儿子--在没有Y染色体的情况下，驱动X染色体似乎是自杀性的。我提出了一个策略，使用下一代测序的性别比例减数分裂驱动的基因组分析在果蝇affinis。使用驱动和非驱动X染色体的比较基因组学和男性睾丸中两条染色体的转录组学分析的组合，我希望确定参与驱动表型的候选基因。随后的分析将有助于确定特定的基因。这种方法是新颖的，因为我将试图在非模式物种中绘制倒位内的基因，我开发的方法将有助于在其他系统中进行类似的分析。从我们的分析中获得的生物学见解可能揭示性比减数分裂驱动和性染色体进化的遗传学，这两者都对生育力有影响。

Sex-ratio meiotic drive is found in diverse groups of metazoans including arthropods, mammals and plants. Drive occurs because a selfish sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome, is able to debilitate the opposite sex chromosome. The result is that males carrying the driving X chromosome produce almost all daughters. Understanding the genetics of sex-ratio meiotic drive has been hindered by the association of drive loci with large inversions. The Drosophila affinis sex-ratio system has an additional level o complexity: males lacking a Y chromosome are fertile. In fact, a male with a driving X chromosome and no Y produces mostly sons - the driving X appears to be suicidal in the absence of a Y chromosome. I propose a strategy using next generation sequencing for genomic analysis of sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila affinis. Using a combination of comparative genomics of the driving and non-driving X chromosomes and transcriptomic analysis of both chromosomes in males testes, I hope to identify candidate genes involved in the drive phenotype. Subsequent analysis will help identify specific genes. The approach is novel in that I will be attempting to map genes within inversions in a non-model species, and the methods I develop will facilitate similar analysis in other systems. The biological insight obtaine from our analysis may shed light on the genetics of sex-ratio meiotic drive and sex chromosome evolution, both of which have implications for fertility.