Building Research and Capacity on the Economic Policy-Tobacco Control Nexus in Af

非洲经济政策与烟草控制关系的研究和能力建设

• 批准号: 8333680
• 负责人: Jeffrey Drope
• 金额: $ 21.47万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8333680
• 关键词: Address; Advocate; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agreement; Ally; American; Area; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Complement; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Consultations; Consumption; Country; Data; Developing Countries; Disease; Economic Policy; Economics; Educational workshop; Ensure; Focus Groups; Foundations; Gap Junctions; Goals; Government; Government Officials; Health Legislation; Health Policy; Home environment; Industry; Institution; International; Interview; Investments; Laws; Legal; Literature; Marketing; Mentorship; North America; Outcome; Policies; Process; Public Health; Recommendation; Reliance; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Scholarship; Series; Solutions; Statutes and Laws; Students; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Training; Treaty; Universities; Work; World Health Organization; assault; burden of illness; civil society; cohort; experience; falls; graduate student; health economics; improved; member; multidisciplinary; public policy on tobacco; skills; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The World Health Organization reports that more than 5.4 million people die each year from tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, evolving markets have generated a dramatic shift in consumption from developed to developing countries, and within a decade, more than 70% of the disease burden from tobacco will fall on developing countries. To facilitate this shift, opponents to tobacco control - led by the tobacco industry - have recently begun a widespread assault against tobacco control using international economic agreements, particularly trade and investment rules. This complex nexus of economic and public health policymaking may prove to be home to the largest threat facing tobacco control. The emerging battleground is particularly in countries with weaker capacity, more politically vulnerable governments and a greater economic reliance on tobacco, which includes particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. While there is a small literature documenting some of these recent efforts and another literature that clearly presents the competing legal arguments and some legal solutions, little is known about the political processes that frame these interactions. Understanding these processes is a crucial component to addressing this challenge: helping policymakers to develop strategies to integrate health and economic policies positively. This project aims to fill this gap by identifying rigorously how key actors are accessing the political processes domestically and internationally in order to utilize and/or change economic policies in an effort to influence tobacco control. To reach this aim, we will first collect and analyze existig data and scholarship relevant to the intersection of tobacco control and economic policies in Africa. Using expert consultation with our African partners, we will extensively interview key actors in the region, including relevant ministry officials, civil society advocates and industry representatives. We will complement these interviews with dynamic focus group sessions across the region involving key stakeholders in the processes around the public health-economic policy nexus. One of the project's principal aims is to improve capacity in these vital substantive areas in the region. Accordingly, there will be close coordination among the HIC and African co-investigators, not only for research collaboration, but also to train a select cohort of advanced graduate students in African and North American universities who focus specifically on the political economy of tobacco control in developing countries. As the final component of our capacity-building strategy, the multi-disciplinary team will present the key findings to major stakeholders - policymakers, advocates and scholars - in a series of workshops across the region that will offer specific recommendations for how to develop and implement effective public health and economic policies that co-exist positively. The workshops will be accompanied by a corresponding set of country-specific policy briefs that will also be distributed to key stakeholders unable to attend a workshop. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Identifying how the rules and laws in economic agreements, including particularly those pertaining to trade and investment, are being used by different actors to influence tobacco control will help to ensure more effective implementation of tobacco control policies generally and the provisions of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control specifically. These provisions form the foundation of a coordinated global attempt to protect people around the world from the dangers of the number one risk factor for non- communicable disease, tobacco use. Government officials and civil society organizations in Africa and other developing regions will use this research to inform their strategies to protect existing public health legislation from aggressive and erroneous invocation of trade and investment laws, and to develop new legislation that will be less vulnerable to these types of attacks.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界卫生组织报告称，每年有超过 540 万人死于与烟草相关的疾病。此外，不断发展的市场导致消费从发达国家转向发展中国家，十年内，70%以上的烟草疾病负担将落在发展中国家身上。为了促进这一转变，以烟草业为首的烟草控制反对者最近开始利用国际经济协议，特别是贸易和投资规则，对烟草控制进行广泛的攻击。经济和公共卫生政策制定的这种复杂关系可能是烟草控制面临的最大威胁的根源。新出现的战场尤其是能力较弱、政府在政治上更脆弱以及经济对烟草依赖程度更大的国家，其中尤其包括撒哈拉以南非洲地区。虽然有一小部分文献记录了最近的一些努力，还有另一篇文献清楚地提出了相互竞争的法律论点和一些法律解决方案，但人们对构成这些相互作用的政治进程知之甚少。了解这些过程是应对这一挑战的关键组成部分：帮助政策制定者制定战略，积极整合卫生和经济政策。该项目旨在通过严格确定关键行为者如何参与国内和国际政治进程来填补这一空白，以便利用和/或改变经济政策来影响烟草控制。为了实现这一目标，我们将首先收集和分析与非洲烟草控制和经济政策交叉相关的现有数据和学术成果。通过与非洲合作伙伴的专家磋商，我们将广泛采访该地区的主要参与者，包括相关部委官员、民间社会倡导者和行业代表。我们将通过整个地区动态的焦点小组会议来补充这些访谈，涉及公共卫生与经济政策关系过程中的关键利益相关者。该项目的主要目标之一是提高该地区这些重要实质性领域的能力。因此，HIC 和非洲联合研究人员之间将密切协调，不仅是为了研究合作，而且是为了培训一批选定的研究人员 非洲和北美大学的高级研究生，专门研究发展中国家烟草控制的政治经济学。作为我们能力建设战略的最后组成部分，多学科团队将在整个地区举办的一系列研讨会上向主要利益相关者（政策制定者、倡导者和学者）介绍主要发现，并就如何制定和实施积极共存的有效公共卫生和经济政策提供具体建议。研讨会将附有一套相应的针对特定国家的政策简报，这些简报也将分发给无法参加研讨会的主要利益相关者。 公共卫生相关性：确定不同行为者如何利用经济协定中的规则和法律，特别是与贸易和投资有关的规则和法律来影响烟草控制，将有助于确保更有效地实施总体烟草控制政策，特别是世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》的规定。这些规定构成了全球协调努力的基础，旨在保护世界各地的人们免受烟草使用这一非传染性疾病第一大风险因素的危害。非洲和其他发展中地区的政府官员和民间社会组织将利用这项研究来为他们提供信息 保护现有公共卫生立法免遭侵略性和错误援引贸易和投资法的战略，并制定不易受到此类攻击的新立法。