Building Research and Capacity on the Economic Policy-Tobacco Control Nexus in Af

非洲经济政策与烟草控制关系的研究和能力建设

• 批准号: 8865583
• 负责人: Jeffrey Drope
• 金额: $ 27.65万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8865583
• 关键词: Address; Advocate; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agreement; Ally; American; Area; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Complement; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Consultations; Consumption; Country; Data; Developing Countries; Disease; Economic Policy; Economics; Educational workshop; Ensure; Focus Groups; Foundations; Gap Junctions; Goals; Government; Government Officials; Health Legislation; Health Policy; Home environment; Industry; Institution; International; Interview; Investments; Laws; Legal; Literature; Marketing; Mentorship; North America; Outcome; Policies; Process; Public Health; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Scholarship; Series; Solutions; Statutes and Laws; Students; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Training; Treaty; Universities; Work; World Health Organization; assault; burden of illness; civil society; cohort; experience; falls; graduate student; health economics; improved; member; multidisciplinary; public policy on tobacco; skills; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The World Health Organization reports that more than 5.4 million people die each year from tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, evolving markets have generated a dramatic shift in consumption from developed to developing countries, and within a decade, more than 70% of the disease burden from tobacco will fall on developing countries. To facilitate this shift, opponents to tobacco control - led by the tobacco industry - have recently begun a widespread assault against tobacco control using international economic agreements, particularly trade and investment rules. This complex nexus of economic and public health policymaking may prove to be home to the largest threat facing tobacco control. The emerging battleground is particularly in countries with weaker capacity, more politically vulnerable governments and a greater economic reliance on tobacco, which includes particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. While there is a small literature documenting some of these recent efforts and another literature that clearly presents the competing legal arguments and some legal solutions, little is known about the political processes that frame these interactions. Understanding these processes is a crucial component to addressing this challenge: helping policymakers to develop strategies to integrate health and economic policies positively. This project aims to fill this gap by identifying rigorously how key actors are accessing the political processes domestically and internationally in order to utilize and/or change economic policies in an effort to influence tobacco control. To reach this aim, we will first collect and analyze existig data and scholarship relevant to the intersection of tobacco control and economic policies in Africa. Using expert consultation with our African partners, we will extensively interview key actors in the region, including relevant ministry officials, civil society advocates and industry representatives. We will complement these interviews with dynamic focus group sessions across the region involving key stakeholders in the processes around the public health-economic policy nexus. One of the project's principal aims is to improve capacity in these vital substantive areas in the region. Accordingly, there will be close coordination among the HIC and African co-investigators, not only for research collaboration, but also to train a select cohort of advanced graduate students in African and North American universities who focus specifically on the political economy of tobacco control in developing countries. As the final component of our capacity-building strategy, the multi-disciplinary team will present the key findings to major stakeholders - policymakers, advocates and scholars - in a series of workshops across the region that will offer specific recommendations for how to develop and implement effective public health and economic policies that co-exist positively. The workshops will be accompanied by a corresponding set of country-specific policy briefs that will also be distributed to key stakeholders unable to attend a workshop.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界卫生组织报告说，每年有540多万人死于与烟草有关的疾病。此外，不断发展的市场已造成消费从发达国家向发展中国家的巨大转变，在十年之内，70%以上的烟草疾病负担将落在发展中国家身上。为了促进这种转变，烟草控制的反对者——由烟草业领导——最近开始利用国际经济协定，特别是贸易和投资规则，对烟草控制发起广泛攻击。经济和公共卫生决策之间的这种复杂关系可能是烟草控制面临的最大威胁。新出现的战场尤其在能力较弱、政府在政治上更脆弱、经济上更依赖烟草的国家，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲。虽然有一小部分文献记录了这些最近的努力，还有一些文献清楚地提出了相互竞争的法律论点和一些法律解决方案，但人们对构建这些相互作用的政治过程知之甚少。了解这些过程是应对这一挑战的关键组成部分：帮助决策者制定战略，积极整合卫生和经济政策。本项目旨在填补这一空白，严格查明关键行为者如何参与国内和国际政治进程，以便利用和（或）改变经济政策，努力影响烟草控制。为了实现这一目标，我们将首先收集和分析与非洲烟草控制和经济政策交叉相关的现有数据和学术研究。通过与我们的非洲伙伴进行专家咨询，我们将广泛采访该地区的主要行为者，包括相关部委官员、民间社会倡导者和行业代表。我们将在本区域范围内举行充满活力的焦点小组会议，使主要利益攸关方参与围绕公共卫生-经济政策关系的进程。该项目的主要目标之一是提高该区域这些重要实质性领域的能力。因此，HIC和非洲共同研究人员之间将密切协调，不仅是为了研究合作，而且还为了培训一批经过挑选的科学家