Structural Dynamics of Translation

翻译的结构动力学

• 批准号: 8442913
• 负责人: Dmitri Ermolenko
• 金额: $ 28.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8442913
• 关键词: Address; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Binding; Binding Sites; Biochemical; Biological; Catalysis; Cell physiology; Cells; Chloramphenicol; Coupled; DNA; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase; Dissociation; Drug resistance; EWS/FLI 1 Type 2 gene; Energy Transfer; Eukaryota; GTP Binding; Genetic; Goals; Guanosine Triphosphate; Homologous Gene; Hybrids; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Ligand Binding; Ligands; Measurement; Mechanics; Medical Research; Messenger RNA; Methods; Microscopy; Molecular; Molecular Machines; Molecular Motors; Movement; Nucleic Acids; Organism; Peptide Elongation Factor G; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Process; Property; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; RNA; RNA Helicase; Recycling; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Resistance development; Rest; Ribosomes; Role; Rotation; Site; Sparsomycin; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Transfer RNA; Translating; Translations; Work; catalyst; conformational conversion; design; helicase; pathogen; prevent; research study; ribosome releasing factor; single molecule; structural biology; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ribosome synthesizes proteins in all living organisms. Despite significant progress in the research of protein synthesis, many molecular details of translation are unknown and the study of the ribosome remains one of the biggest challenges in structural biology. Protein synthesis is a dynamic process, during which the ribosome moves along mRNA and tRNAs are translocated inside the ribosome. The long-term goal of the proposed project is to elucidate conformational transitions of the ribosome and ribosomal ligands underlying translation. The proposal is focused on the mechanics of ribosome movement along mRNA and the molecular mechanism of ribosome recycling, i.e., ribosome disassembly into subunits after termination of protein synthesis. Both of these processes in bacteria involve protein factor EF-G (EF-2 in eukaryotes). Molecular details of translocation and recycling are poorly understood. It has been shown that ribosome translocation along mRNA requires ratchet-like rotation between ribosomal subunits and that intersubunit rotation is thermally driven and occurs spontaneously. The Specific Aim 1 of the proposal is to probe mechanistic properties of the ribosome as a Brownian ratchet machine whose spontaneous intersubunit rotation can be rectified into translocation by ligand binding. We will use antibiotic as a tool to examine whether antibiotics whose binding sites overlap with the A site on the large ribosomal subunit can induce ribosome translocation. The Specific Aim 2 will address the question of how the natural catalyst of ribosomal translocation, EF-G rectifies spontaneous intersubunit movements into unidirectional translocation of the ribosome. The extended domain IV of EF-G has been shown to bind to the A site of the post-translocation ribosome. It has been hypothesized that movement of the extended domain IV relative to the A site and the rest of EF-G is critical for translocation. We are going to test this hypothesis by following movements of domain IV of EF-G during translocation using F¿rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in single-molecule and stopped-flow kinetic measurements. The experiments of Specific Aim 1 and 2 will elucidate the mechanism of translocation and contribute to understanding of how molecular machines, such as DNA/RNA polymerases and helicases, move along nucleic acids. EF-G is also involved in ribosome recycling that is induced by the concerted action of EF-G and ribosome recycling factor (RRF). The Specific Aim 3 is to study conformational changes of the ribosome, RRF and EF-G associated with ribosome recycling using FRET. Proposed experiments will reveal the sequence of structural transitions during ribosome recycling and help to understand its molecular mechanism. Our studies will illuminate essential steps of protein synthesis and thus answer fundamental biological questions.

描述（由申请人提供）：核糖体在所有生物体中合成蛋白质。尽管蛋白质合成的研究取得了重大进展，但翻译的许多分子细节仍然未知，核糖体的研究仍然是结构生物学中最大的挑战之一。蛋白质合成是一个动态的过程，在此过程中，核糖体沿着mRNA移动，而tRNA在核糖体内部移位。该项目的长期目标是阐明核糖体和核糖体配体的构象转换的翻译。该提案的重点是核糖体沿着mRNA运动的机制和核糖体再循环的分子机制，即，蛋白质合成终止后核糖体解体为亚单位。细菌中的这两个过程都涉及蛋白因子EF-G（真核生物中的EF-2）。易位和再循环的分子细节知之甚少。 已经表明，沿着mRNA的核糖体易位需要核糖体亚基之间的棘轮样旋转，并且亚基间旋转是热驱动的并且自发发生。该提案的具体目标1是探索核糖体作为布朗棘轮机的机械特性，其自发的亚基间旋转可以通过配体结合整流为易位。我们将使用抗生素作为工具，以检查是否抗生素的结合位点与核糖体大亚基上的A位点重叠，可以诱导核糖体易位。 具体目标2将解决的问题，如何核糖体易位的天然催化剂，EF-G纠正自发的亚基间运动到核糖体的单向易位。EF-G的延伸结构域IV已被证明与易位后核糖体的A位点结合。已经假设延伸结构域IV相对于A位点和EF-G的其余部分的移动对于易位是关键的。我们将测试这一假设，通过以下的EF-G的结构域IV易位过程中使用弗斯特共振能量转移（FRET）在单分子和停流动力学测量的运动。具体目标1和2的实验将阐明易位的机制，并有助于理解分子机器，如DNA/RNA聚合酶和解旋酶，如何沿着沿着核酸移动。 EF-G还参与由EF-G和核糖体再循环因子（RRF）的协同作用诱导的核糖体再循环。具体目标3是利用FRET研究核糖体、RRF和EF-G的构象变化与核糖体再循环的关系。这些实验将揭示核糖体再循环过程中的结构转换顺序，并有助于理解其分子机制。 我们的研究将阐明蛋白质合成的基本步骤，从而回答基本的生物学问题。