Electrophysiological indices of task-dependent attentional biasing in humans

人类任务依赖性注意力偏差的电生理指标

• 批准号: 8534793
• 负责人: Simon Kelly
• 金额: $ 14.76万
• 依托单位: CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8534793
• 关键词: Accounting; Afferent Neurons; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Color; Contralateral; Cues; Data; Detection; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Discrimination; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Face; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Individual; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Link; Location; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Noise; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Photic Stimulation; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Property; Reading; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Speed; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual evoked cortical potential; Weight; Work; area striata; attentional modulation; base; computerized data processing; expectation; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; improved; indexing; insight; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; novel; preference; relating to nervous system; response; sensory cortex; theories; visual search; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given a task goal and some prior knowledge, an observer is able to prepare in advance for sensory events in a way that improves the speed and accuracy of perceptual decisions and subsequent actions. There exists evidence that this preparation, a function of "top-down" attention, involves transient alterations to the activity of sensory neurons in early (low-level) sensory areas. One common finding is that when attention is deployed to a certain location, visual cortical regions that normally respond to stimuli at that location specifically undergo an enhancement in baseline excitability. However, the finer details of how the patterns of modulation across neurons at various hierarchical levels and with various tuning properties are tailored to facilitate specific perceptual tasks are not yet understood. Adapting preparatory neural states to tasks of varying complexity, difficulty and context is a fundamental higher cognitive ability that is known to be impaired in many brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this proposal is to develop, validate and apply novel methods to allow us to investigate these details. Building on previous work, we will use electroencephalographic (EEG) steady-state responses to track cortical excitability in visual neurons with specific properties in humans. In aim 1, we wll exploit well-known geometrical properties of visual cortical anatomy along with simple signal processing principles to derive signals that differentially index striate (V1) versus extrastriate activity. We will then examine the influence of task complexity on the invocation of spatially specific gain modulation in striate and extrastriate cortex. This could potentially reconcile a longstanding controversy surrounding the earliest locus of attention modulation. In aim 2, we will derive signals indexing neural sensitivity across a range of values of a single feature dimension - orientation - using a field of oriented probe stimuli. We will thus examine the allocation of attentional weights to specific feature values during preparation for visual search, comparing across conditions of fine and coarse target-distracter similarity. This will provide key insight ino context-dependent feature-weighting and how it is accomplished by changes to the sensitivity of early visual cortical neurons. The fulfillment of these two aims will not only bring about new insights into major cognitive problems, but will also establish new procedures that will be of broad utility in the field of cognitive neurophysiology.

描述（由申请人提供）：给定任务目标和一些先验知识，观察者能够以提高感知决策和后续行动的速度和准确性的方式提前为感官事件做好准备。有证据表明，这种准备，一个功能的“自上而下”的注意力，涉及短暂的改变，以活动的感觉神经元在早期（低级别）的感觉领域。一个常见的发现是，当注意力被部署到某个特定位置时，通常对该位置刺激做出反应的视觉皮层区域 特定的位置经历基线兴奋性的增强。然而，如何在不同层次的神经元之间的调制模式和各种调谐属性的更精细的细节是定制的，以促进特定的感知任务还没有被理解。使预备神经状态适应不同复杂性、难度和背景的任务是一种基本的高级认知能力，已知这种能力在许多大脑疾病中受损，例如精神分裂症、自闭症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。该提案的目标是开发，验证和应用新方法，使我们能够调查这些细节。在以前工作的基础上，我们将使用脑电图（EEG）稳态响应来跟踪具有特定特性的人类视觉神经元的皮质兴奋性。在目标1中，我们将利用视觉皮层解剖结构的众所周知的几何特性沿着与简单的信号处理原理，以获得不同的指数纹（V1）与纹外活动的信号。然后，我们将研究任务的复杂性的影响，在纹状体和纹外皮质的空间特异性增益调制的调用。这可能会调和围绕最早的注意力调节位点的长期争议。在目标2中，我们将使用定向探针刺激的场来获得在单个特征维度-定向-的值的范围内索引神经灵敏度的信号。因此，我们将检查分配的注意力权重的特定特征值在视觉搜索的准备，比较跨条件的精细和粗糙的目标干扰相似性。这将为上下文相关的特征加权以及如何通过改变早期视觉皮层神经元的敏感性来实现提供关键的见解。这两个目标的实现不仅将带来对主要认知问题的新见解，而且还将建立在认知神经生理学领域具有广泛实用性的新程序。