Attention-dependent neural oscillations in the human olfactory system

人类嗅觉系统中注意力依赖性神经振荡

• 批准号: 8425886
• 负责人: Christina Maria Zelano
• 金额: $ 9.63万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8425886
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; California; Cereals; Code; Commit; Complex; Data; Development Plans; Directories; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Evolution; Exhibits; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health Benefit; Hospitals; Human; Institutes; Intractable Epilepsy; Light; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Modality; Nasal cavity; Neocortex; Neurosciences; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Parkinson Disease; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Postdoctoral Fellow; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Published Directory; Reaction Time; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Role; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Slow-Wave Sleep; Smell Perception; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Training; Universities; Visual; Work; brain surgery; career; career development; graduate student; insight; millisecond; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; olfactory bulb; piriform cortex; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory; response; sensory gating; sensory system; somatosensory; spatiotemporal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A career development plan is proposed for Dr. Christina Zelano, who is committed to a research career studying the neural substrates of the human olfactory system. Dr. Jay Gottfried, a renowned scholar in the field of human olfaction at Northwestern University will function as the primary mentor. Furthermore, Dr. Stephan Schuele, Directory of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Northwestern Memorial Hospital will contribute to the proposed research as a collaborator, and Dr. Robert Knight, Director of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at University of California, Berkeley will contribute as a consultant on the proposed research projects. Training will involve electrocorticography (ECoG) and electrical stimulation techniques for the measurement of odor-evoked brain activity in patients who are undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy. The overall goal of the proposed research is to characterize the temporal evolution and frequency composition of olfactory attentional neural correlates in the human brain. Because olfactory brain structures are located deep within the limbic temporal and frontal portions of the brain, the electrical signals generated from these regions are severely attenuated at the scalp, limiting the value of surface EEG in measuring olfactory local field potentials. To overcome this problem, the proposed research will optimize an olfactory (ECoG) paradigm in which electrical signals are recorded directly from olfactory brain structures in patients who are undergoing brain surgery for intractable epilepsy. Using this technique, the precise timing and frequency of olfactory attentional oscillations will b investigated. Several aspects of olfactory attention will be explored, from basic (state-dependent gating of incoming odor information) to more complex (modality specific) mechanisms. Given the lack of a requisite pre-cortical thalamic relay in the olfactory system, the proposed research will test the hypothesis that sensory gating of olfactory information occurs at the level of the olfactory bulb, upstream from olfactory (piriform) cortex. Olfactory sensory gating will be explored through two separate experiments making use of ECoG and fMRI techniques. The proposed research will use ECoG approaches to test two specific hypotheses regarding complex forms of olfactory attention. First, experiments are proposed to determine the spatiotemporal composition of neural oscillatory responses in relation to modality-specific olfactory attentional mechanisms. Second, experiments are proposed to determine the neural origins and spectro-temporal patterns of olfactory predictive coding mechanisms. Further studies will make use of electrical stimulation techniques to establish the necessity of identified brain regions in the formation of predictive spectro-temporal odor templates. The proposed research has applications to a broad range of neurological disorders that present with olfactory deficits, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）：为Christina Zelano博士提出了职业发展计划，他致力于研究人类嗅觉系统的神经基质。西北大学人类嗅觉领域的著名学者杰伊·戈特弗里德博士将担任主要导师。此外，西北纪念医院综合癫痫中心目录的Stephan Schuele博士将作为合作者为拟议的研究做出贡献，加州大学伯克利分校海伦威尔斯神经科学研究所所长Robert Knight博士将作为拟议研究项目的顾问做出贡献。 培训将涉及皮层电图（ECoG）和电刺激技术，用于测量正在接受癫痫脑手术的患者的气味诱发的脑活动。该研究的总体目标是描述人类大脑中嗅觉注意神经相关物的时间演化和频率组成。由于嗅觉脑结构位于大脑的边缘颞叶和额叶深处， 来自这些区域的信号在头皮处严重衰减，限制了表面EEG在测量嗅觉局部场电位中的价值。为了克服这个问题，拟议的研究将优化嗅觉（ECoG）范式，其中电信号直接从接受脑外科手术治疗顽固性癫痫的患者的嗅觉脑结构中记录。利用这种技术，精确的时间和频率的嗅觉注意振荡将B调查。嗅觉注意力的几个方面将被探讨，从基本的（传入气味信息的状态依赖门控）到更复杂的（特定模态）机制。 由于嗅觉系统中缺乏必要的前皮质丘脑中继， 将测试这一假设，即嗅觉信息的感觉门控发生在嗅球的水平，上游的嗅觉（梨状）皮层。 嗅觉感觉门控将通过两个独立的实验，利用ECoG和功能磁共振成像技术进行探索。 拟议的研究将使用ECoG方法来测试两个具体的假设，关于复杂形式的嗅觉注意。 首先，提出实验来确定与特定于形态的嗅觉注意机制相关的神经振荡反应的时空组成。 其次，实验提出了确定的神经起源和光谱时间模式的嗅觉预测编码机制。进一步的研究将利用电刺激技术来确定识别的必要性。 大脑区域在预测光谱-时间气味模板的形成中的作用。这项拟议中的研究可应用于广泛的神经系统疾病， 嗅觉缺陷，包括阿尔茨海默病，癫痫，帕金森病和精神分裂症。