Functional Organization of Primary Auditory Cortex

初级听觉皮层的功能组织

• 批准号: 8374407
• 负责人: Christoph E. Schreiner
• 金额: $ 45.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8374407
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Brain Stem; Cells; Characteristics; Cochlear Hearing Loss; Communication impairment; Complex; Comprehension; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Elements; Evaluation; Exhibits; Felis catus; Foundations; Funding; GABA Agonists; Generations; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Hearing problem; Human; Information Theory; Interneurons; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Location; Methods; Midbrain structure; Minor; Molds; Monkeys; Mono-S; Muscimol; Neuraxis; Neurons; Noise; Non-linear Models; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perceptual learning; Peripheral; Process; Property; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Role; Saimiri; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Synaptic Membranes; Testing; Thalamic structure; Ursidae Family; Variant; Work; area striata; awake; base; cell type; computerized data processing; feeding; hearing impairment; information processing; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; public health relevance; receptive field; regional difference; research study; response; sound; statistics; stimulus processing; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the proposed experiments is to identify the fundamental processing principles and strategies that underlie auditory cortical receptive field transformations and the representations of complex sounds. We propose to contrast and compare the organization of two primary auditory fields in adult carnivores (Felis catus) and the awake squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with specific reference to functional domains and laminar organization. A main premise is that core areas receive largely independent inputs and exhibit specific functional differences that may constitute task-specific processing streams. The questions are how do the inputs differ in source location and functional properties; what do the thalamic inputs contribute to the generation of cortical receptive field (RF) diversity; and how do the functional characteristics at the cortical input level compare to those in the output layers? The principal hypotheses underlying the proposed work are that (i) neurons in primary auditory cortical fields express novel, emergent processing properties compared to subcortical stations (the "where" question); (ii) these emergent features are generated by thalamocortical and corticocortical interactions (the "how" question); (iii) multiple stimulus dimensions are expressed in each cortical neuron and govern nonlinear interactions that contribute to transformations toward a more robust, less variant sound representation (the "what" question). Information-theory based methods of spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF) estimation suggest the emergence of novel stimulus processing properties in the auditory forebrain. These properties bear some similarities to emergent processing features in simple and complex cells of primary visual cortex. The goal is to characterize these features and compare their properties across cortical fields and across species in order to extrapolate their general properties and their potential contributions to human hearing. Aim 1 will assess the parameter distributions of the multiple-feature receptive fields and their nonlinearities in auditory thalamus and auditory cortical core areas. Aim 2 will determine the main contributing sources to the generation of multiple feature dimensions in auditory cortical neurons. Aim 3 will determine how well a multi-feature, nonlinear model of neuronal processing predicts responses to combinations of input stimuli and to signals in noise. Combined these studies will establish a functional framework of signal processing in primary auditory cortical fields. Understanding these principles is crucial for a systematic evaluation of concurrent cortical ascending and descending pathways, their role in normal auditory processing, in perceptual learning, and their contributions to auditory disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议实验的长期目标是确定听觉皮层感受野转换和复杂声音表征的基本处理原则和策略。我们建议对比和比较两个主要的听觉领域在成年食肉动物（猫卡图斯）和清醒的松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）的组织与具体参考功能域和层状组织。一个主要的前提是，核心区域接收很大程度上独立的输入，并表现出特定的功能差异，可能构成特定任务的处理流。这些问题是如何输入不同的源位置和功能特性;丘脑的输入对皮层感受野（RF）多样性的产生有什么贡献;以及皮层输入水平的功能特性与输出层的功能特性相比如何？这项工作的主要假设是：（1）初级听皮层区域的神经元表达新的、涌现的加工特性，而皮层下区域的神经元表达新的、涌现的加工特性（“在哪里”的问题）;（ii）这些新兴的功能是由丘脑皮质和皮质的相互作用产生的（“如何”的问题）;（iii）多个刺激维度在每个皮层神经元中表达并且支配非线性相互作用，较少变化的声音表示（“什么”问题）。基于信息论的谱-时间感受野（STRF）估计方法表明听觉前脑中出现了新的刺激处理特性。这些特性与初级视皮层简单细胞和复杂细胞的涌现加工特征有相似之处。我们的目标是描述这些特征，并比较它们在皮层区域和不同物种之间的特性，以推断它们的一般特性及其对人类听觉的潜在贡献。目的1研究听觉丘脑和听觉皮层核心区多特征感受野的参数分布及其非线性。目标2将确定听觉皮层神经元中产生多个特征维度的主要贡献源。目标3将确定神经元处理的多特征非线性模型预测对输入刺激组合和噪声中信号的反应的能力。结合这些研究，将建立初级听皮层信号处理的功能框架。了解这些原则是至关重要的并发皮质上行和下行通路，它们在正常的听觉处理的作用，在知觉学习，以及它们的贡献听觉障碍的系统评估。