Changing the Landscape of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections in India Using a One Health Approach

使用单一健康方法改变印度土壤传播的蠕虫感染状况

• 批准号: 10434981
• 负责人: Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
• 金额: $ 34.71万
• 依托单位: CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-20 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10434981
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Africa; Age; Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ascaris suum; Canis familiaris; Characteristics; Child; Cluster randomized trial; Collection; Communities; Complex; DNA; DNA Library; Data; Diagnostic; Drug resistance; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Pollution; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Failure; Family suidae; Feces; Future; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Health; Helminths; Hookworms; Household; Human; Hybrids; Hygiene; India; Individual; Infection; Interruption; Intervention; Laboratories; Livestock; Malaria; Measures; Medical Research; Microscopy; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Morphology; Necator americanus; Nursery Schools; Old World Hookworm; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prevalence; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Resources; Role; Rural; Sampling; Sanitation; School-Age Population; Sequence Analysis; Sewage; Site; Soil; Source; Southeastern Asia; Surveys; Techniques; Training; Trichocephalus trichiura; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Water; Woman; Zoonoses; benzimidazole resistance; career; companion animal; cost effective; detection method; diagnostic tool; helminth infection; human DNA; human disease; improved; infection burden; infection risk; mathematical model; molecular diagnostics; multidisciplinary; neglected tropical diseases; nucleic acid detection; portability; prevent; programs; reproductive; rural residence; screening; stool sample; success; transmission process; vulnerable community

PROJECT SUMMARY Soil transmitted helminths (STH) - hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura - are among the most widespread neglected tropical diseases (NTD) of humans worldwide, disproportionately affecting the poorest and most vulnerable communities. In rural, populations, intensive animal-human mixing with livestock and companion animals combined with poor hygiene and sanitation can lead to transmission of zoonotic infections as well as result in zoonotic sources of infection. It is estimated that 30% of households globally have domestic livestock animals, with south and southeast Asia and Africa contributing the largest proportion. These regions also have the highest burden of STH globally. Most epidemiological surveys and mathematical models of STH do not account for or measure the risk of infections acquired from zoonotic sources, either by direct contact with animals or animal feces or indirectly from the environment. The inability to interrupt transmission due to presence of zoonotic and environmental reservoirs of infection may prolong mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns and result in emergence of anthelmintic resistance. The overarching goal of this multi-disciplinary collaborative application is to use a One Health framework to examine the interconnected burden and transmission patterns between human, animal and environmental reservoirs of STH by integrating carefully collected epidemiological, environmental and qualitative research data with state-of-art molecular techniques to better inform monitoring and elimination strategies in endemic communities. We will leverage an ongoing randomized controlled trial on community wide MDA and an upcoming One Health project in two eco-epidemiologically and culturally distinct geographic regions of India (Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya) to: (1) comprehensively investigate the transmission dynamics of different STH species at individual, household and community levels; (2) ascertain the impact of community wide MDA on zoonotic STH transmission and screen for emergence of benzimidazole resistance markers; and (3) develop and validate field-ready, portable point-of-collection (POC) diagnostics for STH based on prevalent human and zoonotic species. The field and laboratory data will provide the key parameters to build species-specific STH transmission models and explore the impact of human, animal and environmental reservoirs on STH control measures, across a range of transmission scenarios. The One Health framework of this TMRC will provide much needed data for future planning of integrated STH control programs that combine community wide MDA with upgraded WASH, supported by POC molecular diagnostics. The center will provide a platform for early career investigators to conduct multi- disciplinary One Health research on STH as well as other zoonotic or helminth NTDs.

项目总结