Informing ENDS policies: Studying the impact of e-cigarette warnings on behavior

告知 ENDS 政策：研究电子烟警告对行为的影响

• 批准号: 10378097
• 负责人: Noel Todd Brewer
• 金额: $ 47.21万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10378097
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Age; Attention; Authorization documentation; Behavior; Cancer Etiology; Cigarette; Communication; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electronic cigarette; Evaluation; Frequencies; Goals; Hazard Identification; Image; Label; Lesbian Gay Bisexual; Low income; Modeling; Motivation; Nicotine Dependence; Outcome; Participant; Persons; Policies; Predisposition; Probability Samples; Protocols documentation; Randomized; Research; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Social Interaction; Subgroup; Surveys; Text; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vulnerable Populations; Work; arm; authority; cancer prevention; combustible cigarette; e-cigarette cessation; electronic cigarette use; electronic cigarette user; evidence base; experimental study; follow-up; hazard; innovation; negative affect; pilot test; response; risk perception; smoking cessation; smoking initiation; tobacco products; vaping; young adult

ABSTRACT The US now requires e-cigarette packaging and advertising to have a single warning about nicotine addiction. FDA has the authority to require additional e-cigarette warnings and has stated that a single e-cigarette warning could “grow stale over time.” No data are available on whether the current or other e-cigarette warnings affect vaping or undermine the motivation to quit smoking combustible cigarettes. Furthermore, little data are available on how and for whom e-cigarette warnings work, including among vulnerable populations. Ideally, e-cigarette warnings would discourage vaping initiation among non-users, reduce vaping among e- cigarette-only users, and support dual-users eventually quitting use of tobacco products. We propose to study the impact of the current e-cigarette warning and inform development of appropriate new warnings. In Aim 1, we will develop new e-cigarette warnings using data from 3 large surveys. We aim to create warnings that e-cigarette users endorse as being effective and that do not cause unintended consequences among adolescents, young adults, and adults, especially dual users. This evaluation will include the current US e-cigarette warning statement about nicotine addiction. The main product of Aim 1 will be the selection of warnings for use in the Aim 2 RCT. In Aim 2, we will evaluate the impact of e-cigarette warnings on vaping in an RCT. Young adult and adult e-cigarette users will receive 4 new warnings affixed to their e-cigarette devices and refills during the 4-week study, allocated in a random order. We will assess whether the e-cigarette warnings increase e-cigarette quit attempts and examine whether the warnings impact varies for dual users, vulnerable populations (young adult; low-income; and gay, lesbian, and bisexual [GLB] e- cigarette users). We will also examine whether the warnings increase Tobacco Warnings Model (TWM) antecedents to quitting in the context of e-cigarettes. The main product of Aim 2 will be an estimate of the impact of e-cigarette warnings on vaping, and an understanding of which TWM antecedents to behavior explain the impact. Finally, in Aim 3, we will examine whether e-cigarette warnings push e-cigarette users toward smoking. We will examine the impact of e-cigarette warnings on motivation to not smoke (defined as cigarette quit intentions among dual users, and susceptibility to smoke among e-cigarette only users), smoking behavior and inaccurate risk perceptions. We will examine if warnings' impact varies for vulnerable groups and warning size. The final product of Aim 3 will be an estimate of the impact of warnings on unintended consequences, including pushing people toward smoking. Across the three aims, we will develop generalizable principles on how to maximize the impact of e-cigarette warnings without pushing dual users toward smoking. Our findings will create an evidence base that can inform development of effective e-cigarette warnings, warnings and advertising policy in the US and globally, and other nicotine addiction and cancer prevention communication and countermarketing campaigns.

摘要 美国现在要求电子烟的包装和广告必须有关于尼古丁成瘾的单一警告。 FDA有权要求额外的电子烟警告，并表示一支电子烟 警告可能“随着时间的推移而变得陈旧”。目前还没有关于当前电子烟或其他电子烟的数据 警告会影响蒸发或削弱戒除可燃香烟的动力。此外，几乎没有 有关于电子烟警告如何起作用以及对谁起作用的数据，包括在弱势人群中。 理想情况下，电子烟警告将阻止非用户使用电子烟，减少电子烟用户的电子烟使用 只吸烟者，并支持双重吸烟者最终戒烟。我们建议 研究当前电子烟警告的影响，并告知适当的新发展 警告。在目标1中，我们将使用3个大型调查的数据开发新的电子烟警告。我们的目标是 创建电子烟用户认可的有效且不会导致意外的警告 青少年、青壮年和成人，特别是双重使用者的后果。这项评估将包括 目前美国关于尼古丁成瘾的电子烟警告声明。目标1的主要产品将是 选择在AIM 2 RCT中使用的警告。在目标2中，我们将评估电子烟的影响 RCT中关于蒸发的警告。年轻成人和成年电子烟使用者将收到4个新的警告贴到 他们在为期4周的研究中随机分配电子烟设备和电子烟。我们将评估 电子烟警告是否会增加电子烟戒烟尝试，并检查警告是否会影响 对于双重用户、弱势群体(年轻人；低收入人群；以及男同性恋、女同性恋和双性恋[GLB]e- 吸烟者)。我们还将研究警告是否会增加烟草警告模型(TWM) 在电子烟的背景下戒烟的先决条件。目标2的主要产品将是对 电子烟警告对电子烟的影响，以及了解电子烟警告对行为的影响 解释一下影响。最后，在目标3中，我们将研究电子烟警告是否会推动电子烟 用户对吸烟的态度。我们将研究电子烟警告对不吸烟动机的影响 (定义为双重吸烟者的戒烟意图，以及仅在电子烟中对吸烟的易感性 用户)、吸烟行为和不准确的风险认知。我们将检查警告的影响是否因 弱势群体和警示规模。目标3的最终产品将是对警告对 意想不到的后果，包括促使人们吸烟。在这三个目标中，我们将发展 关于如何在不推动双重用户的情况下最大化电子烟警告的影响的一般性原则 对吸烟的态度。我们的发现将创建一个证据基础，为开发有效的电子烟提供信息 美国和全球的警告、警告和广告政策，以及其他尼古丁成瘾和癌症 预防、沟通和反营销活动。