Understanding uncontrolled vaping among vulnerable populations

项目摘要 电子烟或电子烟的使用越来越受欢迎。最有可能被Vape感染的弱势群体包括 青少年和青壮年、性少数群体和精神健康状况不佳的人。蒸发可能会更少 总体上比抽可燃香烟有害。尽管如此，一些用户使用电子烟的频率 超过他们喜欢的，我们称之为不受控制的蒸发，增加健康风险，产生更大的 上瘾。鉴于这些担忧，一些电子烟用户可能会采取行动，让他们的电子烟蒸发 在控制之下。这种对蒸发的限制可以降低健康风险，并支持停止使用烟草产品 包括电子烟。与减少吸烟相比，限制吸烟的策略可能会带来更多的挑战 因为电子烟的份量和再灌装的大小不受监管，让用户没有熟悉的提示来鼓励 份量控制(例如，烟头)。然而，不受控制的蒸发和节制的流行 战略未知，包括针对弱势群体的战略。为了填补这些重要空白，首要目标是 拟议的研究的重点是了解不受控制的蒸发以及蒸发限制策略， 对于易受攻击的人群、不同的设备类型以及与 可燃香烟。我们建立在自我控制的过程模型上，假设 情境而不是认知约束策略。在目标1中，我们将制定不受控制的蒸发措施 和克制策略。我们将对青少年、年轻人和成年人进行电话采访，目前- 识别他们用来描述不受控制的使用和汽化限制的语言，然后 制定调查措施。在目标2中，我们将描述这两种疾病的患病率和相关性 不受控制的蒸发和克制策略。我们将对当前电子烟的概率样本进行调查 用户(包括青少年、年轻人和成年人)，并评估新措施在 弱势群体。然后，我们将计算国家对不受控制的使用和汽化限制的估计 战略，并检查这些结果是否在弱势群体中更常见，某些 设备类型用户和双用户。在目标3中，我们将确定汽化约束的纵向影响 关于不受控制的蒸发的策略。我们会在12个月后透过e- 吸烟者来自AIM 2的样本。我们将研究基线蒸发限制与 12个月后，不受控制的蒸发和吸烟行为。拟议中的研究结果可以为 电子烟的监管科学(例如，通过制定重新灌装尺寸和设备特征的产品标准 与不受控制的使用相关)。这项拟议的研究响应了FDA和NCI的科学兴趣 成瘾和行为领域。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Use of e-cigarettes or vapes is increasingly popular. Vulnerable populations most likely to vape include adolescents and young adults, sexual minorities, and people with poor mental health. Vaping is likely less harmful overall than smoking combustible cigarettes. Nevertheless, some users vape at frequencies that far exceed what they prefer, which we term uncontrolled vaping, augmenting health risks and producing greater addiction. In light of these concerns, some e-cigarette users may take actions intended to get their vaping under control. This vaping restraint could reduce health risks and support cessation of tobacco products including e-cigarettes. Vaping restraint strategies may present more challenges than efforts to reduce smoking because e-cigarette portions and refill sizes are unregulated, leaving users without familiar cues to encourage portion control (e.g., the end of a cigarette). However, the prevalence of uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies is unknown, including for vulnerable populations. To fill these important gaps, the overarching goal of the proposed research is to understand uncontrolled vaping as well as vaping restraint strategies, which likely vary substantially across vulnerable populations, different device types, and dual use with combustible cigarettes. We build on the Process Model of Self-Control, hypothesizing greater impact of situational than cognitive restraint strategies. In Aim 1, we will develop measures of uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies. We will conduct phone interviews with adolescent, young adult, and adult current e- cigarette users to identify language they employ to describe uncontrolled use and vaping restraint and then develop survey measures. In Aim 2, we will characterize the prevalence and correlates of both uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies. We will survey a probability sample of current e-cigarette users (including adolescents, young adults and adults) and evaluate the suitability of the new measures among vulnerable populations. We will then calculate national estimates of uncontrolled use and vaping restraint strategies, and examine whether these outcomes are more common among vulnerable populations, certain device type users, and dual users. In Aim 3, we will establish the longitudinal impact of vaping restraint strategies on uncontrolled vaping. We will conduct a follow-up online survey at 12 months with the e- cigarette users from the Aim 2 sample. We will examine the association of baseline vaping restraint with uncontrolled vaping and smoking behavior 12 months later. Findings from the proposed research can inform regulatory science for e-cigarettes (e.g., by creating product standards for refill size and device features associated with uncontrolled use). The proposed research is responsive to FDA and NCI scientific interest areas of Addiction and Behavior.