Understanding uncontrolled vaping among vulnerable populations

项目摘要 电子烟或vapes的使用越来越受欢迎。最有可能使用vape的弱势群体包括 青少年和年轻人、性少数群体和精神健康状况不佳的人。Vaping可能更少 总的来说比吸烟更有害。然而，一些用户以如此远的频率吸烟 超过他们喜欢的，我们称之为不受控制的电子烟，增加健康风险， 成瘾鉴于这些担忧，一些电子烟用户可能会采取行动， 一切尽在掌握这种电子烟限制可以减少健康风险并支持停止烟草产品 包括电子烟。限制吸烟的策略可能比减少吸烟的努力带来更多的挑战 因为电子烟的份量和笔芯尺寸不受管制，用户没有熟悉的提示来鼓励 部分控制（例如，香烟的末端）。然而，不受控制的vaping和约束的流行 战略不明，包括针对弱势群体的战略。为了填补这些重要的空白，总体目标 拟议的研究的目的是了解不受控制的vaping以及vaping限制策略， 在弱势人群、不同器械类型和双重用途之间可能存在显著差异， 易燃香烟我们建立在自我控制的过程模型上，假设 情境性策略比认知性约束策略更重要。在目标1中，我们将制定不受控制的vaping措施 和克制策略。我们将对青少年、年轻人和成年人进行电话采访， 香烟使用者识别他们用来描述不受控制的使用和电子烟限制的语言， 制定调查措施。在目标2中，我们将描述两者的患病率和相关性， 不受控制的电子烟和限制策略。我们将调查当前电子烟的概率样本 使用者（包括青少年、年轻人和成年人），并评估新措施在 弱势群体。然后，我们将计算不受控制的使用和vaping限制的国家估计数 战略，并审查这些结果是否在弱势群体中更为普遍， 设备类型用户和双重用户。在目标3中，我们将确定电子烟限制的纵向影响 不受控制的vaping。我们将在12个月时使用电子调查进行后续在线调查 Aim 2样本中的吸烟者。我们将研究基线vaping约束与 不受控制的电子烟和吸烟行为12个月后。拟议研究的结果可以为 电子烟的监管科学（例如，通过为再填充器尺寸和设备特征创建产品标准， 不受控制的使用）。拟议的研究响应了FDA和NCI的科学兴趣 成瘾和行为领域。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Use of e-cigarettes or vapes is increasingly popular. Vulnerable populations most likely to vape include adolescents and young adults, sexual minorities, and people with poor mental health. Vaping is likely less harmful overall than smoking combustible cigarettes. Nevertheless, some users vape at frequencies that far exceed what they prefer, which we term uncontrolled vaping, augmenting health risks and producing greater addiction. In light of these concerns, some e-cigarette users may take actions intended to get their vaping under control. This vaping restraint could reduce health risks and support cessation of tobacco products including e-cigarettes. Vaping restraint strategies may present more challenges than efforts to reduce smoking because e-cigarette portions and refill sizes are unregulated, leaving users without familiar cues to encourage portion control (e.g., the end of a cigarette). However, the prevalence of uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies is unknown, including for vulnerable populations. To fill these important gaps, the overarching goal of the proposed research is to understand uncontrolled vaping as well as vaping restraint strategies, which likely vary substantially across vulnerable populations, different device types, and dual use with combustible cigarettes. We build on the Process Model of Self-Control, hypothesizing greater impact of situational than cognitive restraint strategies. In Aim 1, we will develop measures of uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies. We will conduct phone interviews with adolescent, young adult, and adult current e- cigarette users to identify language they employ to describe uncontrolled use and vaping restraint and then develop survey measures. In Aim 2, we will characterize the prevalence and correlates of both uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies. We will survey a probability sample of current e-cigarette users (including adolescents, young adults and adults) and evaluate the suitability of the new measures among vulnerable populations. We will then calculate national estimates of uncontrolled use and vaping restraint strategies, and examine whether these outcomes are more common among vulnerable populations, certain device type users, and dual users. In Aim 3, we will establish the longitudinal impact of vaping restraint strategies on uncontrolled vaping. We will conduct a follow-up online survey at 12 months with the e- cigarette users from the Aim 2 sample. We will examine the association of baseline vaping restraint with uncontrolled vaping and smoking behavior 12 months later. Findings from the proposed research can inform regulatory science for e-cigarettes (e.g., by creating product standards for refill size and device features associated with uncontrolled use). The proposed research is responsive to FDA and NCI scientific interest areas of Addiction and Behavior.