Contextual Influences on Adolescent and Young Adult Alcohol Use Development

描述（由申请人提供）：这项指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）将为候选人提供技能，以追求她的长期职业目标，成为一名独立的，美国国立卫生研究院资助的研究人员，研究青少年和成年早期物质使用发展的环境影响。与本奖项相关的培训目标是：(1)通过参加研究生课程和参加国家会议，接受纵向方法、复杂背景分析和药物使用流行病学方面的高级培训；(2)在知名药物使用研究团队的指导下进行纵向和情境研究；(3)运用纵向地理参考数据进行独立研究所学到的技能；(4)培养学术生涯所需的领导技能和资格。Drs。Richard Scribner, Kristina Jackson， David Seal和Frances Mather将担任该奖项的导师，并将提供物质使用流行病学和发展，背景研究方法，纵向研究方法，生物统计学和职业发展方面的专业知识。培训目标将通过个别和与导师的联合会议来实现；参与研究生水平的课程；出席会议；指导出版发展；以及一个研究项目的执行。杜兰大学将提供一个有利于研究酒精和其他物质使用发展的背景影响的环境。本研究的目的是：(1)确定青春期和青年期酗酒的轨迹，包括性别和学校状况的差异，以及与有影响的人际关系过程的共同发展；(2)比较15-16岁、18-19岁和23-24岁人群酗酒的生理、政策和规范相关因素；(3)调查环境的变化如何影响高中后过渡时期的酗酒行为轨迹。该研究将包括对现有纵向数据集的分析，即收入动态儿童发展补充和成年过渡研究小组研究（PSID-CDS, PSID-TA）。来自青少年和青年参与者的地理编码数据将与不同年龄段的物理、政策和规范环境数据联系起来。纵向分析将检查酗酒的增长模式，包括这些增长模式是否与父母监控和同伴酒精使用的变化相关，或者与状态的变化相关（即，入读大学，离开父母家，达到法定饮酒年龄等）。多层次和空间分析将探索各种环境影响如何与不同年龄的酗酒相关。将探索复杂的多层次分析，以确定随着参与者年龄的增长，物理、政策或规范环境的变化是否与长期酗酒的变化有关。在此K01中获得的技能将被候选人用于制定R01提案，以检查具有不同程度创伤暴露的非裔美国青年中酒精使用发展的多层次决定因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will provide the candidate with skills to pursue her long-term career goal to become an independent, NIH-funded researcher examining contextual influences on the development of substance use between adolescence and early adulthood. The training goals associat- ed with this award are for the candidate: (1) to receive advanced training in longitudinal methods, complex con- textual analyses, and substance use epidemiology by enrolling in graduate level courses and attending nation- al meetings; (2) to engage in longitudinal and contextual research under the mentorship of a renowned team involved in substance use research; (3) to apply the skills learned through conducting independent research using longitudinal georeferenced data; and (4) to develop leadership skills and qualifications for an academic career. Drs. Richard Scribner, Kristina Jackson, David Seal, and Frances Mather will serve as mentors on this award and will provide expertise in substance use epidemiology and development, contextual research meth- ods, longitudinal research methods, Biostatistics, and career development. The training goals will be met through individual and joint meetings with mentors; participation in graduate level coursework; attendance at conferences; mentored publication development; and execution of a research project. Tulane University will provide an environment conducive for research examining contextual effects on the development of alcohol and other substance use. The aims of the research, in which training will be applied, are: (1) to identify trajecto- ries of binge alohol use between adolescence and young adulthood, including differences by gender and schooling status and conjoint development with influential interpersonal processes; (2) to compare physical, policy and normative contextual correlates of binge alcohol use at ages 15-16, 18-19 and 23-24; and (3) to in- vestigate how changes in environments over time impact binge alcohol use trajectories in the post-high school transition. The research will include analysis of an existing longitudinal dataset, the Panel Study on Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement and Transition to Adulthood Study (PSID-CDS, PSID-TA). Geo- coded data from adolescent and young adult participants will be linked to data on physical, policy and norma- tive environments at the different ages. Longitudinal analyses will examine growth patterns of binge drinking, including whether these growth patterns correlate with changes in parental monitoring and peer alcohol use, or changes in status (i.e., enrolling in college, leaving the parent's home, becoming legal drinking age, etc.) Multi- level and spatial analyses will explore how various environmental influences are associated with binge drinking at different ages. Complex multilevel analyses will be explored to determine if changes in physical, policy or normative environments as participants age are associated with changes in binge drinking over time. Skills gained in this K01 will be used by the candidate to develop an R01 proposal examining multilevel determinants of alcohol use development among African American youth with varying levels of trauma exposure.