Genetic Influences on Adolescent Decision-Making and Alcohol Use

遗传对青少年决策和饮酒的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8465775
负责人：
Kathryn Paige Harden
金额：
$ 17.09万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-05-04 至 2015-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8465775
关键词：
16 year old Accidental Injury Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Affective Age Alcohol consumption Amygdaloid structure Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Genetics Biological Brain Brain region Cessation of life Charge Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Data Decision Making Development Drug usage Emotions Environment Family Functional disorder Genetic Genetic Models Genetic Research Goals Illicit Drugs Individual Individual Differences Influentials Injury Interdisciplinary Study Laboratories Lifestyle-related condition Measures Mediating Mental Health Methods Modeling Neurobiology Neurosciences Neurosciences Research Parents Participant Patient Self-Report Pattern Performance Population Heterogeneity Prevention Reporting Research Research Methodology Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Sampling Schools Shapes Smoking Stimulus Structure Surveys System Testing Time Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies Ventral Striatum age group age related alcohol risk behavior measurement cognitive control design drinking early adolescence emerging adult endophenotype fighting gene environment interaction high reward imaging modality improved innovation mortality neuropsychological novel parental monitoring pleasure population based relating to nervous system response social substance use prevention theories underage drinking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol use in adolescence is a leading contributor to accidental injuries, mental health problems, and mortality. In addition, adolescent drinking is commonly co-morbid with other risky behaviors, including smoking, illicit drug use, and delinquency. Despite concerted efforts at prevention, drinking and other risky behaviors are still widely prevalent in adolescence. Emerging research in neuroscience has suggested a novel biological mechanism for understanding developmental differences in risk-taking. Recent evidence suggests sub-cortical brain regions, which underlie automatic responses to emotions and rewards ("hot" influences on decision making), mature more quickly than cortical brain regions, which underlie planning and inhibition ("cold" deliberative influences on decision-making) and mature slowly through the mid-20s. Consistent with this model of adolescent brain development, our previous research found that performance on behavioral measures of cognitive control improves from early adolescence through early adulthood, whereas behavioral measures of reward sensitivity show a U-shaped pattern of development, with the highest reward sensitivity seen in middle adolescence. Thus middle adolescence (ages 15-16) is a particularly vulnerable period: When faced with a emotionally charged, highly novel, potentially pleasurable situation - like the offer of a drink - responding in the "hot" affective system is likly to overwhelm an adolescent's "cold" deliberative control. This research will extend our understanding of how adolescent decision-making influences alcohol use and other risky behaviors using a behavioral genetics design. The project focuses on two influences on adolescent decision-making, which will be measured using a previously validated battery of survey measures and objective cognitive tests: (1) reward sensitivity ("hot" responses to positive, rewarding, or novel stimuli); and (2) cognitive control ("cold" responses that require planning and inhibition). The project will use a novel, ethnically-diverse, population- based sample of 200 adolescent twin pairs, ages 15-16 (the age group in which the disjunction between reward sensitivity and cognitive control has been found to be the highest). Alcohol use, illicit drug use, delinquency, and fighting will be measured using twin self-report, parent report and official school record data on disciplinary infractions. This multi-method approach will address the following specific questions: (1) Do individual differences in cognitive control and reward sensitivity predict individual propensities for alcohol use and other risk-taking behaviors? (2) Are cognitive control and reward sensitivity endophenotypes for genetic influence on alcohol use and other risk-taking behaviors? and (3) How do family environments moderate the impact of high reward sensitivity on risk-taking behaviors? Data will be analyzed using sophisticated quantitative methods, including analyses of gene-environment interaction (GxE). The proposed research will thus integrate neuroscientific theories of adolescent brain development with behavioral genetic research methods, in order to identify novel specific endophenotypes for adolescent risk-taking.

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期的饮酒是意外伤害，心理健康问题和死亡率的主要贡献者。此外，青少年饮酒通常与其他危险行为合并，包括吸烟，非法吸毒和犯罪。尽管在预防方面做出了一致的努力，但在青春期仍然普遍存在饮酒和其他危险行为。神经科学的新兴研究提出了一种新型的生物学机制，可以理解冒险中的发育差异。最近的证据表明，亚皮质大脑区域是对情绪和奖励的自动反应（对决策的“热”影响），比皮质大脑区域更快成熟，皮质大脑区域是计划和抑制（“冷”对决策的“冷”审议对决策的影响），并在20年代中期缓慢成熟。与这种青春期大脑发育模型一致，我们先前的研究发现，认知控制行为的表现从青春期早期到成年早期有所改善，而奖励敏感性的行为度量表明，U形的发展模式，具有最高的奖励灵敏度。因此，青春期中期（15-16岁）是一个特别脆弱的时期：面对情绪激动的，高度新颖的，潜在的愉悦的情况（例如饮料的报价），在“热”情感体系中做出反应，却愿意压倒青少年的“冷”协商。这项研究将扩展我们对青少年决策如何使用行为遗传学设计如何影响饮酒和其他风险行为的理解。该项目的重点是对青少年决策的两种影响，这些影响将通过先前验证的调查措施和客观认知测试进行衡量：（1）奖励灵敏度（对积极，有益或新颖刺激的“热”响应）；（2）认知控制（需要计划和抑制的“冷”反应）。该项目将使用15-16岁的200个青少年双胞胎对的新型，种族多样性的基于人群的样本（在其中发现奖励灵敏度和认知控制之间的分离之间的年龄段是最高的）。饮酒，非法吸毒，犯罪和战斗将使用双胞胎自我报告，家长报告和官方学校记录纪律违法行为的数据进行衡量。这种多方法方法将解决以下特定问题：（1）认知控制和奖励灵敏度的个体差异可以预测饮酒和其他冒险行为的个人倾向？（2）认知控制和奖励敏感性内表型对酒精使用和其他冒险行为的遗传影响是否？（3）家庭环境如何调节高奖励灵敏度对冒险行为的影响？将使用复杂的定量方法分析数据，包括基因环境相互作用（GXE）的分析。因此，拟议的研究将将青少年脑发育的神经科学理论与行为遗传研究方法相结合，以确定新颖的特异性内表型来实现青少年风险。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate Genetic and Environmental Influences on Rule-Breaking and Aggression: Evidence for Gene × Trait Interaction.

冷酷无情的特征对违反规则和攻击行为的遗传和环境影响中等：基因与特征相互作用的证据。

DOI：
10.1177/2167702617730889
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
0
作者：
Mann,FrankD;Tackett,JenniferL;Tucker-Drob,ElliotM;Harden,KPaige
通讯作者：
Harden,KPaige

Multivariate analysis of genetic and environmental influences on parenting in adolescence.

遗传和环境对青春期育儿影响的多变量分析。