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Genetic Influences on Adolescent Decision-Making and Alcohol Use

遗传对青少年决策和饮酒的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8465775
负责人：
Kathryn Paige Harden
金额：
$ 17.09万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-05-04 至 2015-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8465775
关键词：
16 year old Accidental Injury Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Affective Age Alcohol consumption Amygdaloid structure Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Genetics Biological Brain Brain region Cessation of life Charge Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Data Decision Making Development Drug usage Emotions Environment Family Functional disorder Genetic Genetic Models Genetic Research Goals Illicit Drugs Individual Individual Differences Influentials Injury Interdisciplinary Study Laboratories Lifestyle-related condition Measures Mediating Mental Health Methods Modeling Neurobiology Neurosciences Neurosciences Research Parents Participant Patient Self-Report Pattern Performance Population Heterogeneity Prevention Reporting Research Research Methodology Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Sampling Schools Shapes Smoking Stimulus Structure Surveys System Testing Time Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies Ventral Striatum age group age related alcohol risk behavior measurement cognitive control design drinking early adolescence emerging adult endophenotype fighting gene environment interaction high reward imaging modality improved innovation mortality neuropsychological novel parental monitoring pleasure population based relating to nervous system response social substance use prevention theories underage drinking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol use in adolescence is a leading contributor to accidental injuries, mental health problems, and mortality. In addition, adolescent drinking is commonly co-morbid with other risky behaviors, including smoking, illicit drug use, and delinquency. Despite concerted efforts at prevention, drinking and other risky behaviors are still widely prevalent in adolescence. Emerging research in neuroscience has suggested a novel biological mechanism for understanding developmental differences in risk-taking. Recent evidence suggests sub-cortical brain regions, which underlie automatic responses to emotions and rewards ("hot" influences on decision making), mature more quickly than cortical brain regions, which underlie planning and inhibition ("cold" deliberative influences on decision-making) and mature slowly through the mid-20s. Consistent with this model of adolescent brain development, our previous research found that performance on behavioral measures of cognitive control improves from early adolescence through early adulthood, whereas behavioral measures of reward sensitivity show a U-shaped pattern of development, with the highest reward sensitivity seen in middle adolescence. Thus middle adolescence (ages 15-16) is a particularly vulnerable period: When faced with a emotionally charged, highly novel, potentially pleasurable situation - like the offer of a drink - responding in the "hot" affective system is likly to overwhelm an adolescent's "cold" deliberative control. This research will extend our understanding of how adolescent decision-making influences alcohol use and other risky behaviors using a behavioral genetics design. The project focuses on two influences on adolescent decision-making, which will be measured using a previously validated battery of survey measures and objective cognitive tests: (1) reward sensitivity ("hot" responses to positive, rewarding, or novel stimuli); and (2) cognitive control ("cold" responses that require planning and inhibition). The project will use a novel, ethnically-diverse, population- based sample of 200 adolescent twin pairs, ages 15-16 (the age group in which the disjunction between reward sensitivity and cognitive control has been found to be the highest). Alcohol use, illicit drug use, delinquency, and fighting will be measured using twin self-report, parent report and official school record data on disciplinary infractions. This multi-method approach will address the following specific questions: (1) Do individual differences in cognitive control and reward sensitivity predict individual propensities for alcohol use and other risk-taking behaviors? (2) Are cognitive control and reward sensitivity endophenotypes for genetic influence on alcohol use and other risk-taking behaviors? and (3) How do family environments moderate the impact of high reward sensitivity on risk-taking behaviors? Data will be analyzed using sophisticated quantitative methods, including analyses of gene-environment interaction (GxE). The proposed research will thus integrate neuroscientific theories of adolescent brain development with behavioral genetic research methods, in order to identify novel specific endophenotypes for adolescent risk-taking.

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年饮酒是造成意外伤害、精神健康问题和死亡的主要原因。此外，青少年饮酒通常与其他危险行为并存，包括吸烟、非法使用药物和犯罪。尽管采取了一致的预防措施，但饮酒和其他危险行为在青少年中仍然普遍存在。神经科学的新兴研究提出了一种新的生物学机制来理解冒险行为的发育差异。最近的证据表明，大脑皮层下区域是对情绪和奖励的自动反应的基础（对决策的“热”影响），比大脑皮层区域成熟得更快，而大脑皮层区域是计划和抑制的基础（对决策的“冷”审慎影响），在25岁左右成熟得很慢。与这一青少年大脑发育模型相一致的是，我们之前的研究发现，认知控制行为测量的表现从青春期早期到成年早期有所改善，而奖励敏感性的行为测量则呈现u型发展模式，在青春期中期表现出最高的奖励敏感性。因此，青春期中期（15-16岁）是一个特别脆弱的时期：当面对一个充满情感的、高度新奇的、潜在的愉快的情况时——比如一杯饮料——“热”的情感系统的反应可能会压倒青少年的“冷”深思熟虑的控制。这项研究将扩展我们对青少年决策如何影响酒精使用和其他危险行为的理解，使用行为遗传学设计。该项目侧重于对青少年决策的两种影响，将使用先前验证的一系列调查措施和客观认知测试来衡量：(1)奖励敏感性（对积极、奖励或新颖刺激的“热”反应）；(2)认知控制（需要计划和抑制的“冷”反应）。该项目将使用一种新颖的、种族多样化的、以人口为基础的200对青少年双胞胎样本，年龄在15-16岁（在这个年龄组中，奖励敏感性和认知控制之间的脱节被发现是最高的）。酗酒、吸毒、犯罪和打架行为将通过自我报告、家长报告和官方学校违纪记录数据来衡量。这种多方法方法将解决以下具体问题：(1)认知控制和奖励敏感性的个体差异是否能预测个体对饮酒和其他冒险行为的倾向？

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate Genetic and Environmental Influences on Rule-Breaking and Aggression: Evidence for Gene × Trait Interaction.

冷酷无情的特征对违反规则和攻击行为的遗传和环境影响中等：基因与特征相互作用的证据。

DOI：
10.1177/2167702617730889
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
0
作者：
Mann,FrankD;Tackett,JenniferL;Tucker-Drob,ElliotM;Harden,KPaige
通讯作者：
Harden,KPaige

Multivariate analysis of genetic and environmental influences on parenting in adolescence.

遗传和环境对青春期育儿影响的多变量分析。