Effects of Reversible Deactivation of Posterior Parietal Cortex in New World Cebu

描述（由申请人提供）：这些实验的第一个目标是描述新世界猕猴后顶叶皮层中的脑区如何在皮层网络内运作，该皮层网络对伸手、抓握和双手行为至关重要。第二个目标是通过引入一项新技术来扩展我们与巴西里约热内卢联邦大学生物科学研究所卡洛斯·查加斯菲略（IBCCF;弗兰卡、加塔斯、菲奥拉尼和苏亚雷斯博士）的持续合作，这项新技术是作为神经科学中心（Krubitzer）和加州大学戴维斯分校生物医学工程系（Simon）实验室之间的联合项目开发的。像人类一样，Cebus猴子有一个可对生的拇指，利用精确的抓握并从事各种复杂的手动行为。它们在野外和实验室环境中使用工具，使它们成为理解人类复杂手动能力的神经基础的极好模型，比通常使用的猕猴更好，后者很少使用工具。这个国际财团将向IBCCF引进的新技术是微流体冷却装置。这是一种留置和生物相容性设备，可以选择性地和可逆地使清醒动物的一个或多个大脑区域失活，执行训练任务。这相当于可逆地“损伤”一个大脑区域，并将使我们能够通过检测来探测受影响区域的功能 在失活过程中的行为缺陷。利用这个装置我们可以比较 在旧世界猕猴和新世界的猕猴之间的皮质回路中，涉及协调的手部使用，并定义了在与工具使用相关的回路中出现的差异。 这些研究具有重要的临床意义，因为它们将揭示失活区域的大小与行为功能障碍的程度和可能的恢复之间的关系。该设备的应用模拟了校准的临床病变，并提供了一种新的方法来评估逐渐变大的“病变”的影响，例如可能发生在人类中风期间。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The first goal of these experiments is to delineate how brain areas in posterior parietal cortex of New World cebus monkeys operate within a cortical network that is critical for reaching, grasping and bimanual behaviors. The second goal is to extend our ongoing collaboration with faculty at the Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF; Drs. Franca, Gattass, Fiorani and Soares) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by introducing a new technology that was developed as a joint project between laboratories at the Center for Neuroscience (Krubitzer) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Simon) at UC Davis. Cebus monkeys, like humans, have an opposable thumb, utilize a precision grip and engage in a variety of complex manual behaviors. Their use of tools in both the wild and laboratory settings make cebus monkeys an excellent model for understanding the neural basis of complex manual abilities in humans, more so than the commonly used macaque monkey, which rarely uses tools. The new technology that this international consortium will introduce to IBCCF is the microfluidic cooling device. This is an indwelling and biocompatible device that can selectively and reversibly deactivate one or more brain areas in awake animals performing a trained task. This is equivalent to reversibly 'lesioning' a brain area and will enable us to probe the function of the affected area by detection of specific deficits in behavior during deactivation. Using this device we can compare similarities in cortical circuits between Old World macaque monkeys and New World cebus monkeys that are involved in coordinated hand use, and define differences in circuits that have arisen in conjunction with tool use in cebus monkeys. These studies have important clinical relevance because they will reveal the relationship between the size of a deactivated area and the extent of behavioral dysfunction and recovery that is possible. Application of this device simulates a calibrated clinical lesion and provides a novel approach to assess the effects of progressively larger "lesions" such as can occur during stroke in humans.