Effects of Reversible Deactivation of Posterior Parietal Cortex in New World Cebu

描述（由申请人提供）：这些实验的第一个目标是描述新世界头猴后顶叶皮层的大脑区域如何在皮层网络中运作，该网络对伸手、抓握和双手行为至关重要。第二个目标是扩大我们与卡洛斯·查加斯·菲略生物研究所(IBCCF；Franca, Gattass， Fiorani和Soares)在巴西里约热内卢联邦大学通过介绍一项新技术，该技术是由加州大学戴维斯分校神经科学中心（Krubitzer）和生物医学工程系（Simon）的实验室联合开发的。像人类一样，Cebus猴有一个对生拇指，使用精确的握力，并从事各种复杂的手动行为。它们在野外和实验室环境中对工具的使用，使cebus猴成为理解人类复杂手工能力的神经基础的绝佳模型，比通常使用的猕猴更有用，猕猴很少使用工具。该国际联盟将引入IBCCF的新技术是微流控冷却装置。这是一种生物相容性的留置装置，可以选择性地和可逆地使清醒的动物在执行训练任务时的一个或多个大脑区域失活。这相当于可逆地“损伤”一个大脑区域，并将使我们能够通过检测来探测受影响区域的功能

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The first goal of these experiments is to delineate how brain areas in posterior parietal cortex of New World cebus monkeys operate within a cortical network that is critical for reaching, grasping and bimanual behaviors. The second goal is to extend our ongoing collaboration with faculty at the Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF; Drs. Franca, Gattass, Fiorani and Soares) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by introducing a new technology that was developed as a joint project between laboratories at the Center for Neuroscience (Krubitzer) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Simon) at UC Davis. Cebus monkeys, like humans, have an opposable thumb, utilize a precision grip and engage in a variety of complex manual behaviors. Their use of tools in both the wild and laboratory settings make cebus monkeys an excellent model for understanding the neural basis of complex manual abilities in humans, more so than the commonly used macaque monkey, which rarely uses tools. The new technology that this international consortium will introduce to IBCCF is the microfluidic cooling device. This is an indwelling and biocompatible device that can selectively and reversibly deactivate one or more brain areas in awake animals performing a trained task. This is equivalent to reversibly 'lesioning' a brain area and will enable us to probe the function of the affected area by detection of specific deficits in behavior during deactivation. Using this device we can compare similarities in cortical circuits between Old World macaque monkeys and New World cebus monkeys that are involved in coordinated hand use, and define differences in circuits that have arisen in conjunction with tool use in cebus monkeys. These studies have important clinical relevance because they will reveal the relationship between the size of a deactivated area and the extent of behavioral dysfunction and recovery that is possible. Application of this device simulates a calibrated clinical lesion and provides a novel approach to assess the effects of progressively larger "lesions" such as can occur during stroke in humans.