Design Optimization of Combined Magnetoencephalography and Susceptometry

脑磁图和磁感受计组合的设计优化

• 批准号: 8582318
• 负责人: Solomon Gilbert Diamond
• 金额: $ 19.58万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8582318
• 关键词: Address; Advanced Development; Alzheimer' s Disease; Astrocytes; Basic Science; Biomedical Research; Blood; Blood Vessels; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral cortex; Claustrophobias; Clinical; Clinical Research; Complex; Computer software; Coupling; Custom; Data; Deep Brain Stimulation; Devices; Disease; Electroencephalography; Engineering; Epilepsy; Exclusion; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hand; Health; Hemoglobin; Human; Hypertension; Image; Imagery; Imaging Phantoms; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Investigation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Magnetoencephalography; Measurement; Measures; Metabolism; Metals; Modeling; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Neurons; Oxygen; Parkinson Disease; Patient Care; Patients; Physicians; Physiology; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Research; Research Subjects; Resolution; Risk; Sampling; Scientist; Smooth Muscle Myocytes; Speed; Stream; Stroke; System; Technology; Tissues; Translational Research; Translations; Variant; Water; Work; base; brain research; cancer therapy; clinical application; commercialization; comparative; data management; design; file format; hemodynamics; human subject; image registration; implantable device; improved; innovation; instrument; instrumentation; interest; magnetic field; meetings; nanoparticle; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neurovascular unit; novel; novel strategies; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; spatiotemporal; superconducting quantum interference device; technological innovation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human brain activity invokes a complex interplay of neuron activity and spatiotemporal variations in metabolism, blood flow and blood oxygen level. These processes are functionally connected in neurovascular units of the brain, which are composed of integrated networks of neurons, astrocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Impaired neurovascular coupling is implicated in stroke, hypertension, epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and is the subject of intense biomedical research on network-level dynamics of human brain function. Current strategies for noninvasive neurovascular imaging focus on combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) and to a lesser degree on combined near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and EEG or magnetoencephalography (MEG). There are however some fundamental limitations to existing multimodal neuroimaging approaches. The temporal resolution of fMRI, on the order of 0.5 Hz, limits the temporal precision of investigations into the dynamics of neurovascular coupling. NIRS overcomes the rate limitation of fMRI but is only sensitive to the outer regions of the cerebral cortex. Subject exclusion is a concern with MRI, which is unsafe for individuals with certain metal implants and is poorly tolerated by individuals with claustrophobia. Engineering advances are urgently needed to deliver spatially resolved, high-speed, matched imaging of neural and hemodynamic physiology. The objective of this project is to develop a new neuroimaging technology that meets these needs. The proposed system uses an innovative approach to integrating two capabilities of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID): biomagnetometer measurement of magnetic susceptibility and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Measuring neural activity with MEG is based on detecting the magnetic fields produced by active neurons. SQUID susceptibility measurement detects changes in the level of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood, similarly to fMRI, but with faster temporal sampling. An added benefit is that the proposed system is capable of high-precision dynamic imaging of magnetic nanoparticles, which opens up novel applications for targeted cancer therapies. Since the proposed system uses ultra-low field magnetics it may also be used to study neurovascular function in epilepsy for patients with implanted electrode arrays and in Parkinson disease for patients with implanted deep brain stimulation devices. This project specifically aims to optimize the spatial resolution and sampling rate of the proposed MEG-susceptometry system and to perform a comparative analysis between MEG-susceptometry and EEG-fMRI. The technological innovations from this project have the potential of delivering unprecedented precision and resolution in multimodal neuroimaging that will enable fundamental breakthroughs in neurovascular brain dynamics in normal and pathophysiological conditions. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：人脑活动引起神经元活动与代谢、血流和血氧水平的时空变化的复杂相互作用。这些过程在脑的神经血管单元中功能性地连接，所述神经血管单元由神经元、星形胶质细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的整合网络组成。受损的神经血管耦合与中风、高血压、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病有关，并且是关于人脑功能的网络级动力学的密集生物医学研究的主题。目前无创神经血管成像的策略集中在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和脑电图（EEG）的组合，并在较小程度上结合近红外光谱（NIRS）和EEG或脑磁图（MEG）。然而，现有的多模态神经成像方法存在一些根本性的限制。功能磁共振成像的时间分辨率约为0.5 Hz，限制了神经血管耦合动力学研究的时间精度。NIRS克服了fMRI的速率限制，但仅对大脑皮层的外部区域敏感。受试者排除是MRI的一个问题，MRI对植入某些金属植入物的个体不安全，幽闭恐怖症患者的耐受性较差。迫切需要工程进步来提供神经和血液动力学生理学的空间分辨、高速、匹配的成像。该项目的目标是开发一种新的神经成像技术，以满足这些需求。所提出的系统使用一种创新的方法来整合超导量子干涉装置（SQUID）的两种功能：生物磁力计测量磁化率和脑磁图（MEG）。用MEG测量神经活动是基于检测活跃神经元产生的磁场。SQUID敏感性测量检测血液中脱氧血红蛋白水平的变化，类似于fMRI，但具有更快的时间采样。另一个好处是，该系统能够对磁性纳米颗粒进行高精度动态成像，这为靶向癌症治疗开辟了新的应用。由于所提出的系统使用超低场磁，因此其也可用于研究植入电极阵列的癫痫患者的神经血管功能和植入深部脑刺激装置的帕金森病患者的神经血管功能。本项目的具体目标是优化空间分辨率和采样率的建议MEG-martometry系统，并进行MEG-martometry和EEG-fMRI之间的比较分析。该项目的技术创新具有在多模态神经成像中提供前所未有的精度和分辨率的潜力，这将使正常和病理生理条件下的神经血管脑动力学取得根本性突破。1